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In the 16th Century Mesopotamia, literally "middle of two rivers" in [[Greek]], became part of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
In the 16th Century Mesopotamia, literally "middle of two rivers" in [[Greek]], became part of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
====20th century====
====World War I====
[[Image:Basra Iraq.jpg|right|thumb|Basra, Iraq]]
[[Image:Basra Iraq.jpg|right|thumb|Basra, Iraq]]
In the early 20th Century Arab nationalists including Iraqis began rebelling against their Turkish rulers. With the outbreak of the [[First World War]] they fought alongside the Allies against the Turks in the hope of gaining their independence. France and Britain would control the Arab lands and Iraq came under the British mandate. When Iraqi tribesmen rebelled against British rule, the rebellion was put down using aerial bombardment - the first time air power had been used in such a way. In 1932 Iraq was granted independence although Britain still exercised considerable control over the country and had retained Kuwait for its oil.
In the early 20th Century Arab nationalists including Iraqis began rebelling against their Turkish rulers. With the outbreak of the [[First World War]] they fought alongside the Allies against the Turks in the hope of gaining their independence. France and Britain would control the Arab lands and Iraq came under the British mandate. When Iraqi tribesmen rebelled against British rule, the rebellion was put down using aerial bombardment - the first time air power had been used in such a way. In 1932 Iraq was granted independence although Britain still exercised considerable control over the country and had retained Kuwait for its oil.
====World War II====
In 1933<ref>James. Barrie G. (2012). Hitler's Gulf War: The Fight for Iraq 1941. United Kingdom:Grub Street Publishers, [https://books.google.com/books?id=h8SIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT29]</ref>
In 1933<ref>James. Barrie G. (2012). Hitler's Gulf War: The Fight for Iraq 1941. United Kingdom:Grub Street Publishers, [https://books.google.com/books?id=h8SIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT29]</ref>
[[Fritz Grobba]] purchased a Christian-owned newspaper, "The Arab World" (al-'Alam al-'Arabi - العالم العربي). He serialised an Arabic version of Adolf Hitler's ''Mein Kampf'', and soon, Radio Berlin began to broadcast in Arabic by [[Younes Bahri]].<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13537121.2024.2318157 Iraq and its Jewish minority: from the establishment of the state to the great Jewish immigration 1921-1951].
[[Fritz Grobba]] purchased a Christian-owned newspaper, "The Arab World" (al-'Alam al-'Arabi - العالم العربي). He serialised an Arabic version of Adolf Hitler's ''Mein Kampf'', and soon, Radio Berlin began to broadcast in Arabic by [[Younes Bahri]].<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13537121.2024.2318157 Iraq and its Jewish minority: from the establishment of the state to the great Jewish immigration 1921-1951].