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→Iraq
==[[Iraq]]==
==[[Iraq]]==
1932-1933 background:<ref>Yablonka, Hannah. The Mizrahim and the Holocaust. Yediot Ahronot, 2008, p. 228.
In 1932<ref name=gesher2003>Gesher. World Jewish Congress. Israel Executive, 2003. iss. 147-151, pp. 64-66.
[https://books.google.com/books?id=fBwMAQAAMAAJ&q=%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94],
[https://books.google.com/books?id=iR0uAQAAIAAJ&q=%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94].
Yablonka, Hannah. The Mizrahim and the Holocaust. Yediot Ahronot, 2008, p. 228.
[https://books.google.com/books?id=iR0uAQAAIAAJ&q=%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94]</ref>
[https://books.google.com/books?id=fBwMAQAAMAAJ&q=%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94].<blockquote><small>
"Nazi propaganda is gaining traction.
"Nazi propaganda is gaining traction.
In 1932, Iraq was accepted as a member of the League of Nations and gained independence. Anticipating admission to the League of Nations, Iraq issued a declaration in May 1932 that included a promise to the Council of the League of Nations that Iraq would protect the rights of its minorities; However, Iraq refused to accept the appointment of a representative to oversee the fulfillment of these promises. The liberal King Faisal died in 1933, and the Jewish community saw this as an ominous sign. Ghazi, Faisal's son, came to power, and reigned in Iraq until his death in a car accident, in 1939.
In 1932, Iraq was accepted as a member of the League of Nations and gained independence. Anticipating admission to the League of Nations, Iraq issued a declaration in May 1932 that included a promise to the Council of the League of Nations that Iraq would protect the rights of its minorities; However, Iraq refused to accept the appointment of a representative to oversee the fulfillment of these promises. The liberal King Faisal died in 1933, and the Jewish community saw this as an ominous sign. Ghazi, Faisal's son, came to power, and reigned in Iraq until his death in a car accident, in 1939.
Ghazi's reign marked the beginning of a period of intolerance and Nazi propaganda in Iraq, which began with the massacre of the Assyrians in 1933.
Ghazi's reign marked the beginning of a period of intolerance and Nazi propaganda in Iraq, which began with the massacre of the Assyrians in 1933.
The massacre sent a message to all minorities in Iraq, including the Jews.
The massacre sent a message to all minorities in Iraq, including the Jews.
Nazi propaganda began to spread in Iraq in 1932, when Dr. Fritz Gronba was appointed plenipotentiary at the German mission. Groba purchased a daily Arabic newspaper, al-Alam al-Arabi, and published excerpts from 'Mein Kampf' in it. He also managed to convince Berlin Radio to start In Arabic broadcasts, the Nazi ideology soon permeated Iraqi society, and in 1934-600 Jewish officials were dismissed from their government jobs. In 1934, the first discriminatory law was enacted, which required the Jews to deposit fifty pounds in order to receive a permit to travel abroad The high schools and the state higher education institutions were instructed to limit the number of Jews studying in them.The teaching of Hebrew and Jewish history in the Jewish schools..."
Nazi propaganda began to spread in Iraq in 1932, when Dr. Fritz Gronba was appointed plenipotentiary at the German mission. Grobba purchased a daily Arabic newspaper, al-Alam al-Arabi, and published excerpts from 'Mein Kampf' in it. He also managed to convince Berlin Radio to start In Arabic broadcasts, the Nazi ideology soon permeated Iraqi society, and in 1934-600 Jewish officials were dismissed from their government jobs. In 1934, the first discriminatory law was enacted, which required the Jews to deposit fifty pounds in order to receive a permit to travel abroad The high schools and the state higher education institutions were instructed to limit the number of Jews studying in them.The teaching of Hebrew and Jewish history in the Jewish schools...</small></blockquote></ref>
In 1932, Iraq was accepted as a member of the League of Nations and gained independence. Anticipating admission to the League of Nations, Iraq issued a declaration in May 1932 that included a promise to the Council of the League of Nations that Iraq would protect the rights of its minorities; However, Iraq refused to accept the appointment of a representative to oversee the fulfillment of these promises. The liberal King Faisal died in 1933, and the Jewish community saw this as an ominous sign. Ghazi, Faisal's son, came to power, and reigned in Iraq until his death in a car accident, in 1939.
Ghazi's reign marked the beginning of a period of intolerance and Nazi propaganda in Iraq, which began with the massacre of the Assyrians in 1933.
The massacre sent a message to all minorities in Iraq, including the Jews.
Nazi propaganda began to spread in Iraq in 1932, when Dr. Fritz Gronba was appointed plenipotentiary at the German mission.
In 1933<ref>James. Barrie G. (2012). Hitler's Gulf War: The Fight for Iraq 1941. United Kingdom:Grub Street Publishers, [https://books.google.com/books?id=h8SIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT29]</ref>
In 1933<ref>James. Barrie G. (2012). Hitler's Gulf War: The Fight for Iraq 1941. United Kingdom:Grub Street Publishers, [https://books.google.com/books?id=h8SIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT29]</ref><ref name=gesher2003/> Grobba purchased a Christian-owned newspaper, "The Arab World" (al-'Alam al-'Arabi - العالم العربي). He serialised an Arabic version of Adolf Hitler's ''Mein Kampf'', and soon, Radio Berlin began to broadcast in Arabic by [[Younes Bahri]].<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13537121.2024.2318157 Iraq and its Jewish minority: from the establishment of the state to the great Jewish immigration 1921-1951].
Grobba purchased a Christian-owned newspaper, "The Arab World" (al-'Alam al-'Arabi - العالم العربي). He serialised an Arabic version of Adolf Hitler's ''Mein Kampf'', and soon, Radio Berlin began to broadcast in Arabic by [[Younes Bahri]].<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13537121.2024.2318157 Iraq and its Jewish minority: from the establishment of the state to the great Jewish immigration 1921-1951].
Moshe Gat]</ref><ref>
Moshe Gat]</ref><ref>
Sabar, A. (2009). My Father's Paradise: A Son's Search for His Family's Past. United States: Algonquin Books.
Sabar, A. (2009). My Father's Paradise: A Son's Search for His Family's Past. United States: Algonquin Books.
Known for his virulent anti-Semitism, Bahri stated proudly in a memoir he wrote after the war, "I was the first Arab to collaborate with the Nazis." His hatred towards Jews was so intense that he was summoned for a reprimand in Propaganda Minister Goebbels’s office because of his excessively vitriolic attacks on Jews and especially his constant use of the term “Jewish [sic] criminals.”
Known for his virulent anti-Semitism, Bahri stated proudly in a memoir he wrote after the war, "I was the first Arab to collaborate with the Nazis." His hatred towards Jews was so intense that he was summoned for a reprimand in Propaganda Minister Goebbels’s office because of his excessively vitriolic attacks on Jews and especially his constant use of the term “Jewish [sic] criminals.”
Four days before the Farhoud, Bahri stated on Radio Berlin...</small></blockquote>[https://imagizer.imageshack.com/img905/4076/HrCyUD.png]</ref>
Four days before the Farhoud, Bahri stated on Radio Berlin...</small></blockquote>[https://imagizer.imageshack.com/img905/4076/HrCyUD.png]</ref>
==Back to Berlin==
==Back to Berlin==