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'''Northumbria''' was an Anglian kingdom of the [[Heptarchy]] period, covering a large area of what is now northern [[England]] and southern [[Scotland]]. At its peak, it extended from the Rivers [[River Humber|Humber]] and [[River Mersey|Mersey]] in the south to the Firth of Forth and the northern shores of the [[Solway Firth]] in the north.

'''Northumbria''' was an Anglian kingdom of the [[Heptarchy]] period. At its territorial peak, the kingdom covered almost all of modern-day northern England and south-east [[Scotland]], plus a large part of south-west Scotland as well. The kingdom was bound by the [[Firth of Forth]] in the north, with the southern boundary running from the estuaries of the [[River Humber|Humber]] (with the kingdom/ethnic name ''Norþanhymbre'' meaning "north (of the) Humber") and [[River Mersey|Mersey]] (indeed, ''Mersey'' is derived from the [[Old English]] ''mæres ēa'', "boundary river"); the southern border in particular is known to have fluctuated, however. Northumbria existed as an independent kingdom between the years 651–867 AD.

 

== History of Northumbria ==

== History of Northumbria ==