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Line 17: + + + + + + + − 146S 8/4 − To Commander-in-Chief and Inspector-General+ + − I returned today from the Qastal front. The death of 'Abd al-Qadir al-Husseini has caused confusion in the whole area. The commanders of companies and detachments who are his followers, and some of them his relations, request the High Command to immediately entrust Qawuqji with the protection of Qastal to allay fears in Jerusalem. Request you accede to their wishes at once, if only temporarily, to save the front from collapse.+ − AMIN RUWAYHA</small></blockquote></ref> Arab initiated war on the Jews in the holy land. Line 28:
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'''Amin Ruwayha / Ruwaiha''' [أمين الرويحة] (1901 Syria -1984 Lebanon) was an [[Arab]] writer and physician , born in the Syrian city of Latakia . He studied medicine at the universities of [[Vienna]] and [[Berlin]], and obtained a doctorate in medicine and a certificate of specialization in orthopedic surgery from the University of Munich in [[Germany]]. He practiced medicine in Egypt, the Hijaz, Iraq and Syria, and was the head physician at the military hospital in [[Damascus]].
'''Amin Ruwayha / Ruwaiha''' [أمين الرويحة] (1901 Syria -1984 Lebanon) was an [[Arab]] writer and physician, born in the Syrian city of Latakia. He studied medicine at the universities of [[Vienna]] and [[Berlin]], and obtained a doctorate in medicine and a certificate of specialization in orthopedic surgery from the University of Munich in [[Germany]]. He practiced medicine in Egypt, the Hijaz, Iraq and Syria, and was the head physician at the military hospital in [[Damascus]], collaborated with [[Nazi]] Germany during [[WW2]].
He participated in nationalist work in the Levant and Iraq, and was connected to [[Grand Mufti|Hajj Amin al-Husseini]] . He participated in the founding of the fascist al ''Muthanna Club'' Party in 1935 in Baghdad, where he was one of the non-Iraqi founders of the club, along with the Palestinian Arab [[Akram Zuaiter]].<ref name=ape>"Amin Ruwaiha. (Arab) Palestinian Encyclopedia".</ref>
He participated in nationalist activities in the Levant and Iraq, and was connected to [[Grand Mufti|Hajj Amin al-Husseini]]. He participated in the founding of the pan-Arab [[Fascism|fascist]] al ''Muthanna Club'' Party in 1935 in Baghdad, where he was one of the non-Iraqi founders of the club, along with the Palestinian Arab [[Akram Zuaiter]].<ref name=ape>"Amin Ruwaiha. (Arab) Palestinian Encyclopedia".</ref>
Ruwayha worked closely with the German legation,
<ref>Wichhart, S. (2021). Britain, Egypt, and Iraq During World War II: The Decline of Imperial Power in the Middle East. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing, [https://books.google.com/books?id=BYo5EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA17 pp. 16-17].<blockquote><small>
Even more troubling to British officials, anti-British and pan-Arab sentiment made Iraq vulnerable to German influence. It was an ideal base for German propaganda to the Arab world as its independence meant less Anglo-French surveillance and it hosted large numbers of Arab nationalists in exile from both Palestine and Syria. The Muthanna Club, established by the Shawkat family in Baghdad as a literary society, became the focal point of extreme pan-Arabism, attracting not only young Iraqis but youth from around the region. Dr. Amin Ruwayha, a prominent member of the club, was in close touch with the German legation, and the club's headquarters also hosted the Palestine Defence Society (PDS), which had official sanction and counted Minister of Defence Taha al-Hashimi among its former presidents.</small></blockquote></ref>
and acted as the link among the [[Axis]], the Iraqi army officers, and the Jerusalem Mufti."<ref>Simon, R. S. (2004). Iraq Between the Two World Wars: The Militarist Origins of Tyranny. United Kingdom: Columbia University Press, [https://books.google.com/books?id=byCtAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 p. 35]</ref>,
He worked with [[Fawzi al-Qawuqji]] in 1936 riots in [[Mandatory Palestine]] serving his
He worked with [[Fawzi al-Qawuqji]] in 1936 riots in [[Mandatory Palestine]] serving his
aide-de-campe, and in 1948<ref>Arab source "Palestine Srudies": MEMOIRS, 1948. PART I. FAUZI AL-QAWUQJI.<blockquote><small>
aide-de-campe,<ref name=nli/> and in 1948,<ref>Arab source "Palestine Srudies": MEMOIRS, 1948. PART I. FAUZI AL-QAWUQJI.<blockquote><small>
On April 6, 1948 alarming reports started reaching the Tulkarm front to the effect that Jewish forces were concentrating against it. This was the first reaction on the part of the Haganah High Command. I saw the picture clearly, and expected that the Jews would attack on this front to force me to reduce the blockade of Mishmar Ha'emek by withdrawing some of the forces fighting in this field.
On April 6, 1948 alarming reports started reaching the Tulkarm front to the effect that Jewish forces were concentrating against it. This was the first reaction on the part of the Haganah High Command. I saw the picture clearly, and expected that the Jews would attack on this front to force me to reduce the blockade of Mishmar Ha'emek by withdrawing some of the forces fighting in this field.
The Jerusalem area, which was not under my field command, had suffered a severe setback by the death on April 7, 1948 of its commander, 'Abd al-Qadir al-Husseini. In this critical situation I was visited by Dr. Amin Ruwayha with a delegation from Jerusalem who told me of the deteriorating situation there, and asked me to send reinforcements urgently. Dr. Ruwayha sent the following cable to Damascus:
The Jerusalem area, which was not under my field command, had suffered a severe setback by the death on April 7, 1948 of its commander, 'Abd al-Qadir al-Husseini. In this critical situation I was visited by Dr. Amin Ruwayha with a delegation from Jerusalem who told me of the deteriorating situation there, and asked me to send reinforcements urgently. Dr. Ruwayha sent the following cable to Damascus:
146S 8/4.
To Commander-in-Chief and Inspector-General.
I returned today from the Qastal front. The death of 'Abd al-Qadir al-Husseini has caused confusion in the whole area. The commanders of companies and detachments who are his followers, and some of them his relations, request the High Command to immediately entrust Qawuqji with the protection of Qastal to allay fears in Jerusalem. Request you accede to their wishes at once, if only temporarily, to save the front from collapse.
AMIN RUWAYHA</small></blockquote></ref> Arab initiated war on the Jews in the holy land, serving with the Arab Liberation Army (ALA)<ref>
Levenberg, H. (1993). Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine, 1945-1948. United Kingdom: Frank Press,
[https://books.google.com/books?id=sxvHK-Cq2RwC&pg=PA206 p.206]</ref> in the [[Galilee]] region.
He was accused of participating in the attempted assassination of Colonel Adib Shishakli (1909-1964) in 1950.
<ref>Torrey, G. H. (1964). Syrian Politics and the Military, 1945-1958. United States: Ohio State University Press, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-0qCAAAAIAAJ&q=amin+ruwayha pp. 185-186]</ref>
Ruwayha, as a member of parliament and the Syrian army, "and parliamentary deputy Jalal al-Sayyid also were arrested on the same charge. In addition, the defendants were accused of an assassination attack on Colonel Sterling, the London ''Times'' correspondent Damascus, and the bombing of the Damascus Synagogue, the UNRWA offices, and the United States Legation. Ruwayha, also, was accused of attempting to assassinate King Abdullah and receiving funds from a foreign power, allegedly Saudi Arabia."<ref>Torrey, G. H. (1964). Syrian Politics and the Military, 1945-1958. United States: Ohio State University Press, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-0qCAAAAIAAJ&q=amin+ruwayha pp. 185-186]</ref>
[[File:Nazi Germany honors Arab rebel Amin Ruwayha 1938.jpg|thumb|Nazi Germany honors Arab rebel Amin Ruwayha 1938]]
[[File:Nazi Germany honors Arab rebel Amin Ruwayha 1938.jpg|thumb|Nazi Germany honors Arab rebel Amin Ruwayha 1938]]
He participated in the pro-[[Nazi]] [[Rashid Ali al-Gaylani]]'s coup in [[Iraq]], and when it failed, he was arrested by the [[British]] and exiled to Rhodesia,<ref name=ape/> while Nazi Germany honored him in 1938. It had bestowed him Order of "Distinction."<ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/newpalestine/1938/12/30/01/article/2 ''The New Palestine'', 30 December 1938 — NAZIS "HONOR" LEADER OF PALESTINE REBELS].
He participated in the pro-[[Nazi]] [[Rashid Ali al-Gaylani]]'s coup in [[Iraq]], and when it failed, he was arrested by the [[British]] and exiled to Rhodesia,<ref name=ape/> while Nazi Germany honored him in 1938. It had bestowed him Order of "Distinction."<ref name=nli>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/newpalestine/1938/12/30/01/article/2 ''The New Palestine'', 30 December 1938 — NAZIS "HONOR" LEADER OF PALESTINE REBELS].
<blockquote><small>
<blockquote><small>
Germany Bestows Order of "Distinction" — Victims Clamor for Entry.
Germany Bestows Order of "Distinction" — Victims Clamor for Entry.