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Cleft countries, first used by [[Samuel P. Huntington]] in ''[[Clash of Civilizations]]'', builds upon [[Arnold Toynbee]]'s, ''[[A Study of History]]'', Volume 9, ''Contacts between Civilizations in Space'', first published in 1954.<ref>https://www.pdfdrive.com/a-study-of-history-volume-9contacts-between-civilizations-in-space-e167881736.html</ref>
 
Cleft countries, first used by [[Samuel P. Huntington]] in ''[[Clash of Civilizations]]'', builds upon [[Arnold Toynbee]]'s, ''[[A Study of History]]'', Volume 9, ''Contacts between Civilizations in Space'', first published in 1954.<ref>https://www.pdfdrive.com/a-study-of-history-volume-9contacts-between-civilizations-in-space-e167881736.html</ref>
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'''2.''' Major escalations in modern wars are like wildfires that can rage on for years. It's best not to do them - especially if they involve cleft countries which are powderkegs. Peace negotiations are far preferable to major escalations.
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'''2.''' War are unpredictable. And Major escalations in modern wars are like wildfires or runway trains. But unlike wildfires and runaway trains, they can last for years. It's best not to do them - especially if they involve cleft countries which are powderkegs. Peace negotiations are far preferable to major escalations.
    
[[Sun Tzu]] wrote: "There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare."  Modern wars are often costly endeavors in terms of human capital and national treasure.
 
[[Sun Tzu]] wrote: "There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare."  Modern wars are often costly endeavors in terms of human capital and national treasure.
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