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→History
== History ==
== History ==
Ptolemy (c. 150 AD) recorded modern-day Lancashire as being within the territory of the British Celtic tribe the [[Brigantes]]. The [[Roman]] occupation of Britain lasted from 43 AD to c. 410 AD and evidence for a Roman presence in what is now Lancashire is strong; indeed, following the post-Roman introduction of Old English to Britain (spoken 5th-11th centuries), many Lancashire place-names were suffixed with the Old English ''-ceaster'' (now ''-caster'', ''-chester''), denoting a Roman fort, with the Roman-era Latin forms sometimes appearing on record. Such names include [[Lancaster]], [[Manchester]] and [[Ribchester]]. In addition, the Roman settlement ''Coccium'' may have become [[Wigan]] (whose name may indicate Latin ''vicus'').
Ptolemy (c. 150 AD) recorded modern-day Lancashire as being within the territory of the British Celtic tribe the [[Brigantes]]. The [[Roman]] occupation of Britain lasted from 43 AD to c. 410 AD and evidence for a Roman presence in what is now Lancashire is strong; indeed, following the post-Roman introduction of Old English to Britain (spoken 5th-11th centuries), many Lancashire place-names were suffixed with the Old English ''-ceaster'' (now ''-caster'', ''-chester''), denoting a Roman fort, with the Roman-era Latin forms sometimes appearing on record. Such names include [[Lancaster]], [[Manchester]] and [[Ribchester]]. In addition, the Roman settlement ''Coccium'' may have become [[Wigan]] (whose name may indicate Latin ''vicus'').
Old English-speaking Germanic tribes arrived in Britain in the early-mid 5th century. Present-day Lancashire and Cheshire may have been among the last areas of England to be settled by Germanic speakers. By c. 700 AD, the lands that now make up Lancashire formed a part of the [[Angles|Anglian]] kingdom of [[Northumbria]], with the [[River Mersey]] (now the southern border of Lancashire) forming part of the southern border of that kingdom; indeed the name ''Mersey'' is from Old English ''mæres-ēa'', which means "border river". However, some time in the 8th century, the part of Lancashire between the Ribble and Mersey appears to have become a part of [[Mercia]], the Anglian kingdom broadly co-extensive with the English Midlands.<ref>[https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Journal/cU_WAAAAMAAJ?hl Journal - Lancashire Dialect Society, page 6 (1960) ]</ref>
In the early 1070s, a few years after the [[Normans|Norman conquest]] in 1066, the land between the Ribble and Mersey, with the addition of Amounderness, was granted by [[William the Conqueror]] to [[Roger of Poitou]]. On the order of Roger of Poitou, [[motte-and-bailey]] [[castle]] was built at [[Penwortham]] (immediately south of the River Ribble from Preston), to guard the Ribble estuary and a ford crossing the river.
In the early 1070s, a few years after the [[Normans|Norman conquest]] in 1066, the land between the Ribble and Mersey, with the addition of Amounderness, was granted by [[William the Conqueror]] to [[Roger of Poitou]]. On the order of Roger of Poitou, [[motte-and-bailey]] [[castle]] was built at [[Penwortham]] (immediately south of the River Ribble from Preston), to guard the Ribble estuary and a ford crossing the river.