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Line 38: − At "Disturbances" - Arab terror (against Britain, Jews and moderate Arabs) since April-1936, known as the Great Revolt he was the [[Arab Higher Committee]]'s secretary.<ref>Marlowe, J. (1946). Rebellion in Palestine. United Kingdom: Cresset Press, + + + + + + − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Line 48:
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→See also
'''Fuad Saleh Saba''' [فؤاد سابا] (born in 1902 in Shafa Amr - died in 1984 in Beirut) was an Atab "Palestinian" economist. He established the first Arab auditing firm in the Middle East. He established his accounting office in Jerusalem in 1926. Then he opened other branches in Haifa, Jaffa, Beirut, Amman and Damascus.<ref>Passia, Saba, Fuad (1902-1984)</ref><ref>Seth J. Frantzman; Benjamin W. Glueckstadt; Ruth Kark (2011). "The Anglican Church in Palestine and Israel: Colonialism, Arabization and Land Ownership". Middle Eastern Studies. 47 (1): 106. JSTOR 27920343.</ref>
'''Fuad Saleh Saba''' (Fouad Saba) [فؤاد سابا] (born in 1902 in Shafa Amr - died in 1984 in Beirut) was an [[Arab]] "Palestinian" economist. He established the first Arab auditing firm in the Middle East. He established his accounting office in Jerusalem in 1926. Then he opened other branches in Haifa, Jaffa, Beirut, Amman and Damascus.<ref>Passia, Saba, Fuad (1902-1984)</ref><ref>Seth J. Frantzman; Benjamin W. Glueckstadt; Ruth Kark (2011). "The Anglican Church in Palestine and Israel: Colonialism, Arabization and Land Ownership". Middle Eastern Studies. 47 (1): 106. JSTOR 27920343.</ref>
He was a leading politician in [[Mandatory Palestine]] who attempted to end the Jewish settlement in Palestine. However, he was already termed an [[Anti-Semite]] in 1921.<ref>Ghandour, Z. B. (2009). A Discourse on Domination in Mandate Palestine: Imperialism, Property and Insurgency. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, [https://books.google.com/books?id=DTh6AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 p.132]</ref>
He was a leading politician in [[Mandatory Palestine]] who attempted to end the Jewish settlement in Palestine. However, he was already termed an [[Anti-Semite]] in 1921.<ref>Ghandour, Z. B. (2009). A Discourse on Domination in Mandate Palestine: Imperialism, Property and Insurgency. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, [https://books.google.com/books?id=DTh6AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132 p.132]</ref>
In January 1935, he launched an 'Arab Economic Journal,'<ref>[https://www.jta.org/archive/arabs-launch-journal-on-trade-development Arabs Launch Journal on Trade Development], ''JTA'', January 22, 1935. [http://pdfs.jta.org/1935/1935-01-22_3054.pdf].</ref><ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1935/01/06/01/article/36 ''The Palestine Post'', 6 January 1935]. "In Brief".</ref> "devoted to the economic development of Egypt, Palestine, Transjordan, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi and Yemen and other parts of the Arab peninsula," published his "Arab Publications Co., Ltd."
In January 1935, he launched an 'Arab Economic Journal,'<ref>[https://www.jta.org/archive/arabs-launch-journal-on-trade-development Arabs Launch Journal on Trade Development], ''JTA'', January 22, 1935. [http://pdfs.jta.org/1935/1935-01-22_3054.pdf].</ref><ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1935/01/06/01/article/36 ''The Palestine Post'', 6 January 1935]. "In Brief".</ref> "devoted to the economic development of Egypt, Palestine, Transjordan, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi and Yemen and other parts of the Arab peninsula," published his "Arab Publications Co., Ltd."
His "Arabic review" was then published twice monthly.<ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1935/01/13/01/article/55 ''The Palestine Post'', 13 January 1935]</ref>
His "Arabic review" was then published twice monthly.<ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1935/01/13/01/article/55 ''The Palestine Post'', 13 January 1935]</ref>
In June, 1936 he came out with a new Bulletin: Hitlerism. ''Palestine & Transjordan: A Weekly Review of Political, Economic, Legal & Social Affairs in Palestine, Transjordan & Other Parts of the Arab World. Responsible editor: F. S. Saba''. A propaganda publication for men and women in English.<ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1936/06/09/01/article/28 The Palestine Post, 9 June 1936]</ref><blockquote><small>
[[File:AHC Arab terror disturbances 1936.jpg|thumb|Palestine disturbances 1936. Members of the Arab Higher Committee. Front row from left to right: Ragheb Bey Nashashibi, chairman of the Defence Party, Haj Amin eff. el-Husseini, Grand Mufti & president of the Committee, Ahmed Hilmi Pasha, Gen. Manager of the Jerusalem Arab Bank, Abdul Latif Bey Es-Salah, chairman of the Arab National Party, Mr. Alfred Roke, influential land-owner...
Back row, left to right: Jamal eff. el-Husseini, chairman of the Arab Party and leader of the unofficial Arab Commission to London. Dr. Hsein Khaldhi, Mayor of Jerusalem. Ya'cub Bey el-Ghussein, President of the Arab Youths Committee. Mr. Fuad Saba, Secretary of the Arab Higher Committee]]
In June, 1936 he came out with a new Bulletin: Hitlerism. ''Palestine & Transjordan: A Weekly Review of Political, Economic, Legal & Social Affairs in Palestine, Transjordan & Other Parts of the Arab World. Responsible editor: F. S. Saba''. A propaganda publication for men and women in English.<ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1936/06/09/01/article/28 The Palestine Post, 9 June 1936]</ref><blockquote><small>
Propaganda for Men And Women
Propaganda for Men And Women
</ref>
</ref>
Arab Terror "disturbances" (against Britain, Jews and moderate Arabs) 1936-1939 known as the "Great Revolt," began in April 1936 with the murder of two [[Jews]], passengers.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Palestine/The-Arab-Revolt Palestine - The Arab Revolt | Britannica].
<blockquote><small>
The revolt began with spontaneous acts of violence committed by the religiously and nationalistically motivated followers of Sheikh Izz al-Din al-Qassam, who had been killed by the British in 1935. In April 1936 the murder of two Jews led to escalating violence, and Qassamite groups initiated a general strike in Jaffa and Nablus. At that point the Arab political parties formed an Arab Higher Committee presided over by the mufti of Jerusalem, Amin al-Husseini. It called for a general strike, nonpayment of taxes, and the closing of municipal governments (although government employees were allowed to stay at work) and demanded an end to Jewish immigration, a ban on land sales to Jews, and national independence. Simultaneously with the strike, Arab rebels, joined by volunteers from neighboring Arab countries, took to the hills, attacking Jewish settlements and British installations in the northern part of the country. By the end of the year, the movement had assumed the dimensions of a national revolt, the mainstay of which was the Arab peasantry. Even though the arrival of British troops restored some semblance of order, the armed rebellion, arson, bombings, and assassinations continued.</small ></blockquote></ref>
Fuad Saba was the [[Arab Higher Committee]]'s secretary.<ref>Marlowe, J. (1946). Rebellion in Palestine. United Kingdom: Cresset Press,
[https://books.google.com/books?id=jM1tAAAAMAAJ&q=%22fuad%22+%22Saba%22 p.212]</ref>
[https://books.google.com/books?id=jM1tAAAAMAAJ&q=%22fuad%22+%22Saba%22 p.212]</ref>
In the beginning of Oct 1937, the AHC was dissolved, its members including Fuad and other agitators were seized,<ref>[https://www.jta.org/archive/british-strike-at-palestine-terror-depose-mufti-outlaw-arab-body-seize-4-leaders British Strike at Palestine Terror; Depose Mufti, Outlaw Arab Body, Seize 4 Leaders], '''JTA'',
[[File:Britain Hits At Terrorism In Holy Land. 10.1.37.jpg|thumb|Britain Hits At Terrorism In Holy Land. 10.1.37]]
On September 26, 1937, Lewis Yelland Andrews (1896-1937), the British District Commissioner for the Galilee during the British Mandate for Palestine, was assassinated by Arab gunmen.
Thus, "Terrorism in the Holy Land reached a climax."
On Oct 1 "British crushed Arab terror in Jerusalem."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=I5ErAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1 The Day Oct 1, 1937]. "British Crush Arab Terror In Jerusalem."
[https://books.google.com/books?id=tjBlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7 The Vancouver Sun Oct 1, 1937, p. 7].
"Britain Hits At Terrorism In Holy Land."
By Associated Press.
<blockquote><small>
Jerusalem. Oct 1. -- Great Britain struck with mailed fist today to crush a new wave of terrorism in the Holy Land.
On sweeping measures the authorities outlawed the Arab Higher Committee and started rounding up Its influential members. With telephone communication from the city suspended, and roads heavily guarded, police carried out their large-scale operations before dawn.
Silently they surrounded houses of Arab leaders, searching one after vhe other. Dr. Hussein Khalidl, mayor of Jerusalem, and Fuad Saba, secretary of the Higher Committee, were reported arrested and taken aboard H.M.S. "Sussex" at Haifa.
The manager of an Arabian bank was taken into custody.
Leaders caught in the police dragnet may be deported to Perim Island in the Red Sea.
Terrorism in the Holy Land reached a climax on Sunday, when the British Commissioner for Galilee and his bodyguard were assassinated ao they left the Anglican Church at Nazareth.
All of Palestine's land frontiers are guarded, and troops are on duty at Allenby bridge and other crossings over the River Jordan.
The swift action to suppress the disorders climaxed four months of terrorism and assassinations, in which the British proposal to partition the Holy Land into separate Jewish and Arab states injected new strife.
It followed quickly on British rejection of Arab demands for release of 200 prisoners seized in connection with the slaylngs at Nazareth.
The action taken against the Mufti deprived him of the president of the Supreme Moslem Council, the Higher Committee which administers Moslem religious affairs.
There was a report in Cairo, Egypt that the Mufti had taken refuse at the nosque of Omar and defied police to take him.</small></blockquote></ref>
The [[AHC]] was dissolved, its members including Fuad and other agitators were seized,<ref>[https://www.jta.org/archive/british-strike-at-palestine-terror-depose-mufti-outlaw-arab-body-seize-4-leaders British Strike at Palestine Terror; Depose Mufti, Outlaw Arab Body, Seize 4 Leaders], '''JTA'',
October 3, 1937</ref> <ref>Newsweek. (1937). United States: Newsweek, Incorporated, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKD0-UAbQhUC&q=fuad+sabap.44].
October 3, 1937</ref> <ref>Newsweek. (1937). United States: Newsweek, Incorporated, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKD0-UAbQhUC&q=fuad+sabap.44].
<blockquote><small>
<blockquote><small>
Fuad Saba, Higher Committee secretary; and Yacoub Hussein, Arab Youth Federation president. Within 48 hours the trouble- makers looked on their native land for the last time; prisoners on the cruiser Sussex, they sailed from Haifa...</small></blockquote></ref> while the [[Grand Mufti of Jerusalem|Grand Mufti]] al-Husseini is hiding on [[Temple Mount]], escaping later on to Lebanon.
Fuad Saba, Higher Committee secretary; and Yacoub Hussein, Arab Youth Federation president. Within 48 hours the trouble- makers looked on their native land for the last time; prisoners on the cruiser Sussex, they sailed from Haifa...</small></blockquote></ref> while the [[Grand Mufti of Jerusalem|Grand Mufti]] al-Husseini is hiding on [[Temple Mount]], escaping later on to Lebanon.
The four were deported to the Seychelles.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6EhAAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA44 The Windsor Daily Star Mar 4, 1938].
"Exiled Arab Heads Refused Visitors"</ref>
By 1939 he was among eight Arab representatives in London.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=uDU1AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA3 The Glasgow Herald Jan 17, 1939, p.3].</ref>
He was active in 1946.<ref>Marlowe, J. (1946). Rebellion in Palestine. United Kingdom: Cresset Press, [https://books.google.com/books?id=jM1tAAAAMAAJ&q=%22fuad%20saba%22 p.212].
<bloockquote><small>...if the British Government were prepared to negotiate at all under such conditions, it should have insisted on negotiations with the Mufti direct.
The Arab Higher Committee, which reconstituted itself as such in Beirut, arrived at an agreement with the Mufti as to the personnel of the delegation that should proceed to London. Jamal Husseini was to lead the delegation as the Mufti's representative. The rest of the delegation was to consist of Auni Bey Abdul Hadi, Hussein Khalidi, Alfred Rock, Musa al Alami, with George Antonius and Fuad Saba as secretaries as secretaries. The first four named were all members of the old Higher Committee, Musa al Alami had been a Government official, Fuad Saba had been secretary of the Higher Committee, George Antonius was a scholar...</small></blockquote></ref>
Following the [[1948 Israeli War for Independence]], Saba was naturalized Lebanese,<ref>
Dictionnaire historique de comptabilité des entreprises. (2016). France: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, [https://books.google.com/books?id=gnBTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA303 p.303].</ref> lived there since.<ref>The Arab Economist. (1977). Lebanon: Center for Economic, Financial and Social Research and Documentation, [https://books.google.com/books?id=hNQWAQAAMAAJ&q=%22fouad%20saba%22 p.22].</ref>
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Amin Ruwayha]]
*[[Amin Ruwayha]]
*[[Joseph Francis]]
*[[Joseph Francis]]
*[[Emil Ghuri]]
*[[Nazism at Arab Palestinians]]
*[[Nazism at Arab Palestinians]]