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Line 1: − The "universal ethic" is a set of moral rules that expresses natural moral law. If it exists, the universal ethic is a unique moral imperative for humanity. Its function is to provide the foundation for proper laws and policies. The claim for its existence is a set of criteria which the universal ethic should satisfy. The universal ethic has five basic rules:+ − − 1. A "benefit" is an act welcomed by the recipient. − − 2. A "harm" is an act which directly and actually invades the legitimate domain of a victim. − − 3. Acts which benefit others are good. − − 4. All acts, and only those acts, which coercively harm others are evil. − − 5. Acts which are neither good nor evil are morally neutral. − − The criteria for the universal ethic are: − 1. The ethic should apply universally to all persons. − − 2. The ethic should be comprehensive for all acts. − − 3. The ethic should be logically consistent with the premises from which it is derived. − − 4. The ethic should not be based merely on arbitrary beliefs, values, or on any particular culture or practice. − − The premises from which the universal ethic are derived are those proposed by the British philosopher John Locke in his Second Treatise of Government. These are: − 1. Human beings are morally equal, having an equal moral worth, there being no inherent master-slave relationship in human biology. − − 2. Human beings are independent in their thinking and feeling. − − 3. Each person has a personal ethic by which acts are deemed to be good, evil, or neutral. − − ==Reference== − :The Soul of Liberty, by Fred Foldvary. − − [[category:philosophy]]
Replacing page with 'Allah Akbar'
Allah Akbar