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The '''Principle of Least Action''' (PLA) is the most fundamental principle in [[physics]]: efficient paths of motion always occur, such that a particle of fixed overall potential and kinetic energy follows the path that minimizes its action. This principle is remarkably productive in [[modern physics]] because it does not depend on vectors or forces, and tends to be independent of coordinate systems.  The [[Parable of the Vineyard Workers]] is [[Biblical scientific foreknowledge]] by foreshadowing this powerful principle of modern physics. The [[Coase theorem]] in [[Economics]] is a similar insight.

The '''Principle of Least Action''' (PLA) is the most fundamental principle in [[physics]]: the most efficient path of motion always occurs, such that a particle of fixed overall potential and kinetic energy follows the path that minimizes its action. This principle governing motion applies universally, including subatomic particles, planets, and light. This principle is remarkably productive in [[modern physics]] because it does not depend on vectors or forces, and tends to be independent of coordinate systems.  The [[Parable of the Vineyard Workers]] is [[Biblical scientific foreknowledge]] by foreshadowing this powerful principle of modern physics. The [[Coase theorem]] in [[Economics]] is a similar insight.

The principle predicts behavior based on energy, not forces, and actions rather than points.  A central equation to this approach integrates over time, for a particular path, the difference between kinetic and potential energies.

The principle predicts behavior based on energy, not forces, and actions rather than points.  A central equation to this approach integrates over time, for a particular path, the difference between kinetic and potential energies.