Changes

* Unwavering [[belief]] that what they think is real despite all evidence to the contrary

* Unwavering [[belief]] that what they think is real despite all evidence to the contrary

* Persistence of holding the belief in spite of all evidence to the contrary

* Persistence of holding the [[belief]] in spite of all evidence to the contrary

* Defensiveness when the delusionary belief is challenged

* Defensiveness when the delusionary belief is challenged. See also: [[Denialism]] and [[Rationalization (Psychology)|Rationalization]]

* Person holding the delusionary belief has an exaggerated sense of self-importance. See also: [[Pride]] and [[Superiority complex]] and [[Egocentric Thinking|Egocentric thinking]] and [[Hubris]]

* Person holding the delusionary belief has an exaggerated sense of self-importance. See also: [[Pride]] and [[Superiority complex]] and [[Egocentric Thinking|Egocentric thinking]] and [[Hubris]]

* Person holding the delusionary belief has an exaggerated sense of their competence. See also: [[Dunning-Kruger effect]] and [[Intellectual humility]]

* Person holding the delusionary belief has an exaggerated sense of their competence. See also: [[Dunning-Kruger effect]] and [[Intellectual humility]]

* Behaviorial changes that involved abnormal behavior

* Behaviorial changes commonly associated abnormal thinking and behavior (Obsessive thinking, compulsive thinking/behavior, [[negative thinking]], paranoid thinking, [[depression]], etc.)

== Illogical thinking ==

== Illogical thinking ==

'''5.''' Frequently leading to conclusions that don't logically follow from the presented information. This often manifest itself via making assumptions based on limited data, ignoring relevant details, or interpreting situations in a highly subjective manner rather than an [[objective]] manner.

'''5.''' Frequently leading to conclusions that don't logically follow from the presented information. This often manifest itself via making assumptions based on limited data, ignoring relevant details, or interpreting situations in a highly subjective manner rather than an [[objective]] manner.

== How to think more rationally ==

== How to think more rationally ==

''See also:'' [[Rationality]] and [[Evidence-based thinking]] and [[Critical thinking]] and [[Scientific method]] and [[Problem solving]] and [[Openness]] and [[Intellectual humility]] and [[Intellectual curiosity]] and [[Creativity]] and [[Change management]] and [[Emotional intelligence]] and [[Self-awareness]] and [[Self-regulation]] and [[Metacognition]]

''See also:'' [[Rational thinking]] and [[Rationality]] and [[Logical reasoning]] and [[Evidence-based thinking]] and [[Analytical thinking]] and [[Critical thinking]] and [[Structural thinking]] and [[Systems thinking]] and [[Scientific method]] and [[Problem solving]] and [[Openness]] and [[Intellectual humility]] and [[Intellectual curiosity]] and [[Creativity]] and [[Change management]] and [[Emotional intelligence]] and [[Self-awareness]] and [[Self-regulation]] and [[Metacognition]]

To think more [[Rationality|rationally]], use the following practices:

To think more [[Rationality|rationally]], use the following practices to engage in [[rational thinking]]:

'''1.''' Use [[evidence-based thinking]] and [[critical thinking]]

'''1.''' Use [[logical reasoning]], [[evidence-based thinking]], [[analytical thinking]], [[critical thinking]], [[structural thinking]] and [[systems thinking]].

'''2.''' Use the reasonable person standard used in the field law when engaged in [[decision making]]. "This is a [[common law]] idea, which asks the question of how a reasonable person would have behaved in circumstances similar to those with which the defendant was presented at the time of the alleged negligence."<ref>[https://healys.com/news-events-insights/professional-negligence-and-the-reasonable-person-test#:~:text=This%20is%20a%20common%20law,seek%20the%20opinion%20of%20experts. Professional negligence and the reasonable person test]</ref>

'''2.''' Use the [[Reasonable person standard (law)|reasonable person standard]] used in the field law when engaged in [[decision making]]. "This is a [[common law]] idea, which asks the question of how a reasonable person would have behaved in circumstances similar to those with which the defendant was presented at the time of the alleged negligence."<ref>[https://healys.com/news-events-insights/professional-negligence-and-the-reasonable-person-test#:~:text=This%20is%20a%20common%20law,seek%20the%20opinion%20of%20experts. Professional negligence and the reasonable person test]</ref>

'''3.''' Analyze problems/situations [[logic]]ally. See: [[Problem solving]]

'''3.''' Analyze problems/situations [[logic]]ally when engaged in [[problem solving]]. See: [[Problem solving]] and [[Creative problem solving]]

'''4.''' Questioning your assumptions. See also: [[Openness]] and [[Intellectual humility]] and [[Intellectual curiosity]] and [[Creativity]]

'''4.''' Questioning your assumptions. See also: [[Openness]] and [[Intellectual humility]] and [[Intellectual curiosity]] and [[Creativity]]

'''5.''' Being open to changing your mind based on new evidence. See: [[Openness]] and [[Intellectual humility]] and [[Intellectual curiosity]] and [[Creativity]] and [[Change management]]

'''5.''' Being observant and open to engaging in [[experiment]]ation in order to optimize results. See also: [[Observation skills]] and [[Scientific method]] and [[Deliberate practice]] and [[Comfort zone]] and [[Peak performance]] and  [[Openness]] and [[Creativity]] and [[Innovation]]

 

'''6.''' Being open to changing your mind based on new evidence. See: [[Openness]] and [[Intellectual humility]] and [[Intellectual curiosity]] and [[Creativity]] and [[Change management]]

 

'''7.''' Seeking out information from diverse perspectives. See also: [[Openness]] and [[Creativity]] and [[Innovation]]

'''6.''' Seeking out information from diverse perspectives. See also: [[Openness]] and [[Creativity]]

'''8.''' Focus on actively identifying and managing your emotions. Avoiding impulsive judgments based solely on feelings. See: [[Emotional intelligence]] and [[Self-awareness]] and [[Self-regulation]] and [[Metacognition]]

'''7.''' Focus on actively identifying and managing your emotions. Avoiding impulsive judgments based solely on feelings. See: [[Emotional intelligence]] and [[Self-awareness]] and [[Self-regulation]] and [[Metacognition]]

'''9.''' [[Planning|Plan]] and organize your life/activities to a reasonable degree allowing for unforeseeable circumstances, common sense flexibility/adaptability and God's will.  [[Prioritization|Prioritize]] your activities in a way to best optimize your future. Make the best use of the resources you have available. See: [[Planning]] and [[Organizational skills]] and [[Time management]] and [[Forecasting]] and [[Creativity]] and [[Problem solving]] and [[Problem solving#Problem solving and resourcefulness|Resourcefulness]]

[[File:Key strategies to thinking more rationally.png|thumbnail|center|Source: [https://www.google.com/search?q=how+to+think+more+rationally&oq=how+to+think+more+rationally&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCTE1MTI3ajBqN6gCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 How to think more rationally] ]]

[[Image:Image014.jpg|right|thumbnail|250px|[[Karl Popper]] ]]

[[Image:Image014.jpg|right|thumbnail|250px|[[Karl Popper]] ]]

* "Above all, don't lie to yourself. The man who lies to himself and listens to his own lie comes to a point that he cannot distinguish the truth within him, or around him, and so loses all respect for himself and for others. And having no respect he ceases to [[love]]." - [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]]

* "Above all, don't lie to yourself. The man who lies to himself and listens to his own lie comes to a point that he cannot distinguish the truth within him, or around him, and so loses all respect for himself and for others. And having no respect he ceases to [[love]]." - [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]]

== Book ==

 

== Books ==

*''The Thinker's Way: 8 Steps to a Richer Life'' by John Chafee. The Thinker's Way : 8 Steps to a Richer Life

*''The Thinker's Way: 8 Steps to a Richer Life'' by John Chafee. The Thinker's Way : 8 Steps to a Richer Life

== See also ==

== See also ==

*[[Self-deception]]

*[[Self-deception]]

*[[Excusitis]]

*[[Excusitis]]

== External links ==

== External links ==

*[https://www.nhs.uk/every-mind-matters/mental-wellbeing-tips/self-help-cbt-techniques/reframing-unhelpful-thoughts/ Reframing unhelpful thoughts]

*[https://www.nhs.uk/every-mind-matters/mental-wellbeing-tips/self-help-cbt-techniques/reframing-unhelpful-thoughts/ Reframing unhelpful thoughts]

*[https://psychcentral.com/lib/stop-irrational-thoughts What Causes Irrational Thoughts and Can You Manage Them?]

*[https://psychcentral.com/lib/stop-irrational-thoughts What Causes Irrational Thoughts and Can You Manage Them?]

==Notes==

==Notes==

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{{reflist|1}}

[[Category: Psychology]]

[[Category:Psychology]]

[[Category: Logic]]

[[Category:Logic]]