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'''Lancaster''' is a city in north-west [[England]] and the traditional county town of [[Lancashire]]. It is within the administrative area served by [[Lancashire County Council]]. It was formerly an important centre of political power in the north and capital of the [[county palatine]] of Lancaster. It is overlooked by its castle (now a [[prison]]) and has many attractive Georgian buildings. The House of Lancaster was one of the combatants in the [[Wars of the Roses]]; the emblem of Lancashire being a [[red]] [[rose]].
'''Lancaster''' is a city in north-west [[England]] and the traditional county town of [[Lancashire]]. It is within the administrative area served by [[Lancashire County Council]]. It was formerly an important centre of political power in the north and capital of the [[county palatine]] of Lancaster. It is overlooked by its castle (which was a prison until 2011) and has many attractive Georgian buildings. The House of Lancaster was one of the combatants in the [[Wars of the Roses]]; the emblem of Lancashire being a [[red]] [[rose]].
The title [[Duke]] of Lancaster is held by the [[British]] [[monarch]] regardless of gender.
The title [[Duke]] of Lancaster is held by the [[British]] [[monarch]] regardless of gender.
Following the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] invasion of Britain in 43 AD, present-day Lancaster seems to have had a Roman fort constructed on the site at which the castle now stands by the late 1st century. Coin evidence suggest the fort may have already existed as early as 60 AD, but most histories give the date for the establishment of the fort as c. 80 AD. The original [[Latin]] name of the fort is not known with any certainty although since the late 1990s, due to a theory popularised by David Shotter, it has been suggested that ''Galacum'' (previously thought to have been the fort at Over Burrow, 17 miles to the north-west) was in fact Roman Lancaster. The original fort was built from wood, and had been rebuilt in stone by 102 AD.
Following the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] invasion of Britain in 43 AD, present-day Lancaster seems to have had a Roman fort constructed on the site at which the castle now stands by the late 1st century. Coin evidence suggest the fort may have already existed as early as 60 AD, but most histories give the date for the establishment of the fort as c. 80 AD. The original [[Latin]] name of the fort is not known with any certainty although since the late 1990s, due to a theory popularised by David Shotter, it has been suggested that ''Galacum'' (previously thought to have been the fort at Over Burrow, 17 miles to the north-west) was in fact Roman Lancaster. The original fort was built from wood, and had been rebuilt in stone by 102 AD.
Following the end of Roman rule in Great Britain, present-day England was settled by Germanic-speaking tribes from around c. 540 AD onwards. Little is known about Lancaster in the early [[Anglo-Saxon]] era due to lack of documentary evidence. By c. 700 AD, the area was within the kingdom of [[Northumbria]], which covered much of present-day [[northern England]] and south-east Scotland. There may have been a Northumbrian monastery on or near the site of Lancaster priory by c. 800 AD.
Following the end of Roman rule in Great Britain, present-day England was settled by Germanic-speaking tribes from around c. 540 AD onwards. Little is known about Lancaster in the early [[Anglo-Saxon]] era due to lack of documentary evidence. By c. 700 AD, the area was within the kingdom of [[Northumbria]], which covered much of present-day [[northern England]] and south-east Scotland. There may have been a Northumbrian monastery on or near the site of Lancaster priory by c. 800 AD. This monastery, as suggested by a Priory charter from 1094, was likely re-established as a parish church some time before the Norman conquest in 1066.
The name "Lancaster" is recorded relatively late; the first documentation (in the form ''Loncastre'') is in the Domesday Book (1086), a survey taken following the Norman conquest of England. Lancaster was held by William the Conqueror in 1086. The name is of Old English origin and means "Roman fort at the [[River Lune]]". At this time, it formed a part of the Amounderness hundred of [[Yorkshire]] and had no recorded population.
The name "Lancaster" is recorded relatively late; the first documentation (in the form ''Loncastre'') is in the Domesday Book (1086), a survey taken following the Norman conquest of England. Lancaster was held by William the Conqueror in 1086. The name is of Old English origin and means "Roman fort at the [[River Lune]]". At this time, it formed a part of the Amounderness hundred of [[Yorkshire]] and had no recorded population.
The first known Medieval document specific to the town was the founding Priory charter of 1094. By this time, William the Conqueror was deceased and had been succeeded by [[William Rufus]] (or William II). Lancaster and its immediate surroundings had been passed on to [[Roger de Poitou]] 2 years prior, whose lordship included an area similar to present-day [[Lancashire]] and extended as far as [[Cumberland]], at that time contested between England and Scotland, in the north. Although there is no firm documentation for the construction of the first castle at Lancaster, it is generally assumed that Roger began the construction. The original fortifications were most likely wooden and may have incorporated parts of Roman earthworks.
==See also==
==See also==