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==History==

==History==

The first documented settlement at the site of present-day Newcastle upon Tyne is ''Pons Aelius'', which means in Latin "Aelian bridge" and was a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne at the eastern end of [[Hadrian's Wall]]. It was so-named for the clan name of [[Hadrian]], the Roman emperor, who founded the settlement in the 2nd century AD (the only bridge outside [[Rome]] itself known to be named for an emperor). Hadrian had first visited Britain in c. 122 AD and saw the need for border fortifications. At around the same time, another Roman fort, ''Condercum'', was established at Benwell, which today is a suburb of the city.

The first documented settlement at the site of present-day Newcastle upon Tyne is ''Pons Aelius'', which means in Latin "Aelian bridge" and was a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne at the eastern end of [[Hadrian's Wall]]. It was so-named for the clan name of [[Hadrian]], the Roman emperor, who founded the settlement in the 2nd century AD (the only bridge outside [[Rome]] itself known to be named for an emperor). Hadrian had first visited Britain in c. 122 AD and saw the need for border fortifications. At around the same time, another Roman fort, ''Condercum'', was established at Benwell, which today is a suburb of the city. ''Condercum'' is derived from the [[Common Brittonic]] ''*conderco-'', which indicated a lookout place; the word is related to the [[Old Irish]] word ''condercar'' ("looks around").

The New Castle for which the city was named was first established in 1080 at a strategic crossing-point of the [[River Tyne]] and a medieval borough was chartered to serve the castle. In 1400 Newcastle became 'the town and county of Newcastle upon Tyne' - that is, it was removed from the authority of the Sheriff of [[Northumberland]] and became a county in its own right. It became a city in 1882, and St Nicholas's church was elevated to become a [[cathedral]] in 1906, when the [[diocese]] of Newcastle was formed from the diocese of [[Durham]].

The New Castle for which the city was named was first established in 1080 at a strategic crossing-point of the [[River Tyne]] and a medieval borough was chartered to serve the castle. In 1400 Newcastle became 'the town and county of Newcastle upon Tyne' - that is, it was removed from the authority of the Sheriff of [[Northumberland]] and became a county in its own right. It became a city in 1882, and St Nicholas's church was elevated to become a [[cathedral]] in 1906, when the [[diocese]] of Newcastle was formed from the diocese of [[Durham]].