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'''Sheffield''' is a city mainly in southern [[Yorkshire]], England. Arguably one of England's most important cities during the Industrial Revolution of the late-18th and early-19th centuries, Sheffield is historically renown for its [[stainless steel]] production and role in the international [[cutlery]] trade, with the production of cutlery in the area being recorded from the 14th century. It has been known as "the Cutler's Town" since the late [[Middle Ages]], with "Steel City" being a more recent nickname.
'''Sheffield''' is a city mainly in southern [[Yorkshire]], England. Arguably one of England's most important cities during the Industrial Revolution of the late-18th and early-19th centuries, Sheffield is historically renown for its [[stainless steel]] production and role in the international [[cutlery]] trade, with the production of cutlery in the area being recorded from the 14th century. It has been known as "the Cutler's Town" since the late [[Middle Ages]], with "Steel City" being a more recent nickname. As the crow flies, it lies 30 miles south of [[Leeds]], a similar distance north of [[Derby]], 40 miles north-east of [[Stoke-on-Trent]] and 32 miles east of [[Manchester]].
The core of modern Sheffield was historically a small market town in the [[Strafforth]] hundred of the [[West Riding of Yorkshire]]. Urban expansion in the 19th century saw the city's southern suburbs expand into northern Derbyshire, though the city had its own county borough council. Though described as a "city", the city status actually belongs to the larger council area of [[Sheffield City Council]] rather than the settlement itself.
The core of modern Sheffield was historically a small market town in the [[Strafforth]] wapentake of the [[West Riding of Yorkshire]]. Urban expansion in the 19th century saw the city's southern suburbs expand into northern Derbyshire, though the city had its own county borough council. Though described as a "city", the city status actually belongs to the larger council area of [[Sheffield City Council]] rather than the settlement itself.
==History==
There was an Iron Age hill fort at present-day Wincobank, a suburb of Sheffield, thought to have been occupied around 500 BC.
By c. 700 AD, present-day Sheffield city centre formed part of the Anglian kingdom of [[Northumbria]]. It was close to the kingdom's southern border with Mercia, with evidence for the border being found in the local place-name [[Dore, Derbyshire|Dore]] which is from Old English ''dor'', the ancestor of present-day English ''door'', indicating a pass between the two kingdoms.<ref>Vickers, J. Edward MBE (1999). Dore. In ''Old Sheffield Town. An Historical Miscellany'' (2nd ed.), pp64–71. Sheffield: The Hallamshire Press Limited. {{ISBN|1-874718-44-X}}</ref>
==Education==
==Education==
There are two universities in Sheffield: the [[University of Sheffield]], and the newer [[Sheffield Hallam University]]. Both are respected institutions, the latter perhaps more than the former. The University of Sheffield offers a wide range of vocational degrees whereas Sheffield Hallam offers the more traditional academic undergraduate options.
There are two universities in Sheffield: the [[University of Sheffield]], and the newer [[Sheffield Hallam University]]. Both are respected institutions, the latter perhaps more than the former. The University of Sheffield offers a wide range of vocational degrees whereas Sheffield Hallam offers the more traditional academic undergraduate options.