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→Ukraine
===Ukraine===
===Ukraine===
In March 1992, [[Ukraine]] formally established relations with [[NATO]] by joining the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC).
In March 1992, [[Ukraine]] formally established relations with [[NATO]] by joining the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC). In 1993, Ukraine began its [[military]] cooperation with the [[United States]] and NATO. The most significant development in 1993 was the initiation of the U.S.-Ukraine State Partnership Program (SPP), established between the [[California]] [[National Guard]] and Ukraine. This program laid the groundwork for ongoing joint training, military exchanges, and exercises. The NACC's activities paved the way for the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program in 1994.
The U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) advocated for establishing a Military Liaison Team (MLT) in [[Kyiv]] as early as 1993, but the deployment was delayed due to [[diplomatic]] considerations. Nonetheless, military cooperation and engagement activities were ongoing under the Defense Attaché Office. The first concrete participation of Ukraine in a NATO-linked [[military]] exercise did not occur until September 1994, when Ukraine joined the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program and participated in joint training exercises such as "Cooperation Bridge" in [[Poland]]. This set the stage for more formal and larger-scale military exercises such as "Peace Shield" and "Sea Breeze," which began after Ukraine joined the Partnership for Peace in 1994.
The primary NATO/USEUCOM military exercise conducted with Ukraine in 1995 was "Peace Shield," a joint US-Ukrainian exercise held at the [[Yavoriv]] training area near [[Lviv]] from May 23 to May 27, 1995. This exercise was part of the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program, which aimed to increase interoperability and cooperation between NATO and partner countries, including Ukraine. Another notable exercise was "Autumn Allies 95" later in 1995. The Partnership for Peace program was central to these activities, providing a framework for joint exercises, training, and defense planning between Ukraine, NATO, and USEUCOM.
In 1996, Ukraine hosted a military exercise called "Cossack Step-96" in cooperation with [[Great Britain]]. This exercise was conducted “in the spirit of Partnership for Peace (PfP)." The exercise involved approximately 140 participants from Ukraine and Great Britain.
In July 1997, Ukraine hosted the Cooperative Neighbor-97 joint exercise at the Yavoriv training grounds in [[western Ukraine]]. The exercise involved approximately 1,200 soldiers from the United States, [[Greece]], Ukraine, [[Moldova]], [[Republic of Georgia]], the [[Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia]], [[Romania]], and [[Macedonia]]. Cooperative Neighbor-97 was conducted under NATO’s Partnership for Peace (PfP) program. The exercise focused on joint training and cooperation, and was observed by [[U.S. Defense Secretary]] [[William Cohen]] and Ukrainian Defense Minister Oleksandr Kuzmuk.
In 1997, the NACC was succeeded by the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC).
{{Anchor|NATO aggression against Serbia}}
{{Anchor|NATO aggression against Serbia}}