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Line 173: + + − Before 2022, Russia's economy remained tied to [[Western alliance|Western]] supply chains and [[financial]] systems. The shock of [[Russian sanctions|sanctions against Russia]] and [[Multinational corporation|multinational corporate]] exits forced a rapid reorientation. What began as necessity evolved into long-term strategy: [[import]] substitution, domestic [[manufacturing]], and [[technological]] self-reliance. Sectors like [[electronics]], machine tools, and [[pharmaceutical]]s received focused investment. A more resilient economic foundation took shape, much less vulnerable to outside pressure.+ − [[File:North-South transit corridor.jpg|right|300px|thumb|North-South transit corridor.<ref>https://korybko.substack.com/p/the-west-finally-realized-just-how?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email</ref>]] −
→Reaction to war and sanctions
As Russia was forced to confront [[NATO expansion]], the country underwent internal changes just as consequential as events on the battlefield. While the world watched [[military]] developments and [[diplomacy]], a deeper transformation was redefining Russia's [[economy]], [[society]], and national identity.
As Russia was forced to confront [[NATO expansion]], the country underwent internal changes just as consequential as events on the battlefield. While the world watched [[military]] developments and [[diplomacy]], a deeper transformation was redefining Russia's [[economy]], [[society]], and national identity.
[[File:North-South transit corridor.jpg|right|300px|thumb|North-South transit corridor.<ref>https://korybko.substack.com/p/the-west-finally-realized-just-how?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email</ref>]]
Before 2022, Russia's economy remained tied to [[Western alliance|Western]] supply chains and [[financial]] systems. The shock of [[Russian sanctions|sanctions against Russia]] and [[Multinational corporation|multinational corporate]] exits forced a rapid reorientation. What began as necessity evolved into long-term strategy: [[import]] substitution, domestic [[manufacturing]], and [[technological]] self-reliance. Sectors like [[electronics]], machine tools, and [[pharmaceutical]]s received focused investment. A more resilient economic foundation took shape, much less vulnerable to outside pressure.
With Western [[trade]] routes restricted, Russia deepened partnerships with non-Western countries. [[China]] became its largest trading partner, while ties with [[India]], [[Iran]], [[Turkiye]], and [[Africa]]n nations expanded. [[Ruble]]-based settlements, [[energy]] deals, and corridors like the North–South route began reshaping Russia's role in global [[commerce]]. The shift wasn't entirely new, but the [[Special Military Operation]] (SMO) accelerated it—pushing Russia to treat these relationships as central, not secondary.
With Western [[trade]] routes restricted, Russia deepened partnerships with non-Western countries. [[China]] became its largest trading partner, while ties with [[India], [[Iran]], [[Turkiye]], and [[Africa]]n nations expanded. [[Ruble]]-based settlements, [[energy]] deals, and corridors like the North–South route began reshaping Russia's role in global [[commerce]]. The shift wasn't entirely new, but the [[Special Military Operation]] (SMO) accelerated it—pushing Russia to treat these relationships as central, not secondary.
The [[SMO]] exposed problems in logistics and command—but rather than weaken the [[military]], it forced it to evolve. Over four years, Russia's armed forces underwent a transformation unmatched in scale or [[realism]]. By 2025, Russia fielded the strongest army in the world—not in [[theory]], but in [[practice]]. No other military had accumulated such sustained, high-intensity [[combat]] experience. From [[drone warfare]] to [[electronic]] systems and combined-arms operations under fire, the Armed Forces of Russia adapted under conditions that exercises cannot replicate.
The [[SMO]] exposed problems in logistics and command—but rather than weaken the [[military]], it forced it to evolve. Over four years, Russia's armed forces underwent a transformation unmatched in scale or [[realism]]. By 2025, Russia fielded the strongest army in the world—not in [[theory]], but in [[practice]]. No other military had accumulated such sustained, high-intensity [[combat]] experience. From [[drone warfare]] to [[electronic]] systems and combined-arms operations under fire, the Armed Forces of Russia adapted under conditions that exercises cannot replicate.