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In 1973, Francis Crick and the chemist [[Leslie Orgel]] published an article in the [[International Journal of Solar System Studies]] (Icarus) which hypothesized that life may have arrived on [[earth]] by a process they called "[[Directed pamspermia|Directed Panspermia]]".<ref>http://www.spacedaily.com/news/life-04zzz.html</ref> The abstract for the aforemention Icarus article stated the following:
{{cquote|It now seems unlikely that extraterrestrial living organisms could have reached the earth either as [[spore]]s driven by the [[radiation]] pressure from another [[star]] or as living organisms imbedded in a [[meteorite]].
As an alternative to these nineteenth-century mechanisms, we have considered Directed Panspermia, the theory that organisms were deliberately transmitted to the earth by [[Extraterrestrial life|intelligent beings on another planet]].
We conclude that it is possible that life reached the earth in this way, but that the scientific evidence is inadequate at the present time to say anything about the probability.<ref>http://www.spacedaily.com/news/life-04zzz.html</ref>}}