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"'''Real presence'''" is the term used to describe the [[Christian]] belief that [[Jesus Christ]] is in some way present in the [[Eucharist]], the memorial of the [[Last Supper]] (also known as Holy Communion and the Lord's Supper).
"'''Real presence'''" is the term used to describe the [[Christian]] belief that [[Jesus Christ]] is in some way present in the [[Eucharist]], the memorial of the [[Last Supper]] (also known as Holy Communion and the Lord's Supper).
There are many different views of the Eucharist, ranging from a total transformation of the Eucharistic elements of bread and wine into the body and blood of Jesus ([[transubstantiation]] - the view of the Catholic Church) to that recognizing simultaneously the body and blood of Christ in the bread and wine (sacramental union - the view of the Lutheran Church), to a totally symbolic view found largely in [[Anabaptist]], [[Plymouth Brethren]], [[Restorationist]] and nondenominational Christian circles.
There are many different views of the Eucharist, ranging from a total transformation of the Eucharistic elements of bread and wine into the body and blood of Jesus ([[transubstantiation]] - the view of the Catholic Church) to that recognizing simultaneously the body and blood of Christ in the bread and wine (sacramental union - the view of the Lutheran Church), to a totally symbolic view found largely in [[Plymouth Brethren]], [[Restorationist]] and nondenominational Christian circles.
== Specific Eucharistic Doctrines ==
== Specific Eucharistic Doctrines ==
Irvingian: The New Apostolic Church affirms the doctrine of consubstantiation, the teaching that "the substance of Christ's body and blood is joined" to the "elements of bread and wine".<ref name="NAC2020">{{cite web |title=The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church: 8.2.12 The real presence of the body and blood of Christ in Holy Communion |url=https://nak.org/en/abouttheNAC/catechism?_ld=1&chapter=8.2.12 |publisher=[[New Apostolic Church]] |language=English |date=18 December 2020|quote=Rather, the substance of Christ's body and blood is joined to them (consubstantiation).}}</ref>
Irvingian: The New Apostolic Church affirms the doctrine of consubstantiation, the teaching that "the substance of Christ's body and blood is joined" to the "elements of bread and wine".<ref name="NAC2020">{{cite web |title=The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church: 8.2.12 The real presence of the body and blood of Christ in Holy Communion |url=https://nak.org/en/abouttheNAC/catechism?_ld=1&chapter=8.2.12 |publisher=[[New Apostolic Church]] |language=English |date=18 December 2020|quote=Rather, the substance of Christ's body and blood is joined to them (consubstantiation).}}</ref>
[[Anabaptist]]: Anabaptists teach that the "mystery of communion with the living Christ in his Supper comes into being by the power of the Spirit, dwelling in and working through the collected members of Christ’s Body".<ref name="Snyder2006">{{cite web |last1=Snyder |first1=Arnold |title=Was the Bread Only Bread, and the Wine Only Wine? Sacramental Theology in Five Anabaptist Hymns |url=https://uwaterloo.ca/grebel/publications/conrad-grebel-review/issues/fall-2006/was-bread-only-bread-and-wine-only-wine-sacramental-theology |publisher=[[Conrad Grebel University College]] |access-date=28 April 2022 |date=2006 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707015534/https://uwaterloo.ca/grebel/publications/conrad-grebel-review/issues/fall-2006/was-bread-only-bread-and-wine-only-wine-sacramental-theology |url-status=dead }}</ref> As such, in celebrations of the Lord's Supper, "Anabaptist congregations looked to the living Christ in their hearts and in their midst, who transformed members and elements together into a mysterious communion, creating his Body in many members, ground like grains and crushed like grapes, into one bread and one drink."<ref name="Snyder2006"/>
=== Memorialism ===
=== Memorialism ===