Changes

[[image:Shroud of Turin face.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Negative image of the face of the Shroud; the photographic qualities of the Shroud were unknown until 1898.]]

[[image:Shroud of Turin face.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Negative image of the face of the Shroud; the photographic qualities of the Shroud were unknown until 1898.]]

<center>''A million-dollar, widely publicized offer to recreate an image as found on this Shroud has gone uncollected: [https://www.detroitcatholic.com/news/1-million-challenge-to-replicate-shroud-of-turin-is-expanded-to-u-s]''</center>

<center>''A million-dollar, widely publicized offer to recreate an image as found on this Shroud has gone uncollected: [https://www.detroitcatholic.com/news/1-million-challenge-to-replicate-shroud-of-turin-is-expanded-to-u-s]''</center>

The '''Shroud of Turin''' (in Italian, ''la Sacra Sindone'') is the most studied artifact in the history of the world.  It is a burial cloth almost precisely 14.5' long by 4' wide, having attributes from the time and place of [[Jesus]], with blood stains and the image of an executed man. Scientific study has exceeded 600,000 hours in reinforcing its authenticity.<ref>[https://mycharisma.com/culture/new-evidence-for-shroud-of-turin-expert-says-its-beyond-all-doubt/ New Evidence for Shroud of Turin: Expert Says It’s ‘Beyond All Doubt’], CBN News, 2025, citing [[New Testament]] scholar Jeremiah J. Johnston.</ref> [[Liberal denial]] of its authenticity requires implausible conspiracy theories. In January 2023 it went on public display for the first time in a decade, in [[Turin]], [[Italy]].<ref name="BBC">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8612315.stm</ref>

The '''Shroud of Turin''' (in Italian, ''la Sacra Sindone'') is the most studied artifact in the history of the world.  It is a burial cloth almost precisely 14.5' long by 4' wide, having attributes from the time and place of [[Jesus]], with blood stains and the image of an executed man. Scientific study has exceeded 600,000 hours in reinforcing its authenticity.<ref>[https://mycharisma.com/culture/new-evidence-for-shroud-of-turin-expert-says-its-beyond-all-doubt/ New Evidence for Shroud of Turin: Expert Says It’s ‘Beyond All Doubt’], CBN News, 2025, citing [[New Testament]] scholar Jeremiah J. Johnston.</ref> [[Liberal denial]] requires implausible conspiracy theories.

[[Forensic]] evidence indicates that this image is of man [[scourge]]d and crucified, and yet (as described of Jesus in the [[Bible]]) without breaking the victim's legs as typically done to expedite a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] execution.<ref name="Forensics">http://www.shroudstory.com/forensics.htm</ref>  The image was formed after the blood staining, suggesting that there was a flash of light at the [[Resurrection]] -- analogous to the flash of light at [[conception]] -- such that the image is like a negative in photography.<ref>"The Shroud of Turin is a negative image." [https://www.shroud.com/piczek3.htm]</ref>  The image is scientifically precise in ways unknown to medieval forgers; the thumbs are not visible because the nails were through the wrists,<ref name="BBC"/> not through the hands as mistakenly thought until the 20th century<ref name="Forensics"/> and mistranslated from the [[Bible]].<ref>In {{bibleref|John|20|27}}, the Greek term χερσὶν (chersin) actually includes "wrists", not merely hands.  [[Strong's]] narrow definition is incomplete, and at {{bibleref|Acts|12|7|version=NIV}} the same term must mean "wrists" because chains fell off them. [https://biblehub.com/greek/5495.htm]</ref> The disciples on the [[Road to Emmaus]] did not notice any wounds in Jesus's hands, which further suggests the nail wounds were in his wrists.

[[Forensic]] evidence indicates that this image is of man [[scourge]]d and crucified, and yet (as described of Jesus in the [[Bible]]) without breaking the victim's legs as typically done to expedite a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] execution.<ref name="Forensics">http://www.shroudstory.com/forensics.htm</ref>  The image was formed after the blood staining, suggesting that there was a flash of light at the [[Resurrection]] -- analogous to the flash of light at [[conception]] -- such that the image is like a negative in photography.<ref>"The Shroud of Turin is a negative image." [https://www.shroud.com/piczek3.htm]</ref>  The image is scientifically precise in ways unknown to medieval forgers; the thumbs are not visible because the nails were through the wrists,<ref name="BBC"/> not through the hands as mistakenly thought until the 20th century<ref name="Forensics"/> and mistranslated from the [[Bible]].<ref>In {{bibleref|John|20|27}}, the Greek term χερσὶν (chersin) actually includes "wrists", not merely hands.  [[Strong's]] narrow definition is incomplete, and at {{bibleref|Acts|12|7|version=NIV}} the same term must mean "wrists" because chains fell off them. [https://biblehub.com/greek/5495.htm]</ref> The disciples on the [[Road to Emmaus]] did not notice any wounds in Jesus's hands, which further suggests the nail wounds were in his wrists.

An [[agnostic]] [[British]] scholar studied the Shroud and concluded in his book, ''The Sign'' (2012), that the Shroud is authentic and was even the basis of [[disciples]]' acceptance of the [[Resurrection]].<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/9162459/Mystery-solved-Turin-Shroud-linked-to-Resurrection-of-Christ.html</ref> The shroud has caused some [[agnostic]] or [[Atheism|atheist]] [[scientist]]s to convert to [[Christianity]].<ref>[http://www.shroud.com/mrinobnf.pdf]</ref>  Other scientists, who have not converted, still consider the Shroud to be the authentic burial cloth for [[Jesus Christ]].  Some refer to the Shroud as the "Fifth [[the Gospels|Gospel]]."

An [[agnostic]] [[British]] scholar studied the Shroud and concluded in his book, ''The Sign'' (2012), that the Shroud is authentic and was even the basis of [[disciples]]' acceptance of the [[Resurrection]].<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/9162459/Mystery-solved-Turin-Shroud-linked-to-Resurrection-of-Christ.html</ref> The shroud has caused some [[agnostic]] or [[Atheism|atheist]] [[scientist]]s to convert to [[Christianity]].<ref>[http://www.shroud.com/mrinobnf.pdf]</ref>  Other scientists, who have not converted, still consider the Shroud to be the authentic burial cloth for [[Jesus Christ]].  Some refer to the Shroud as the "Fifth [[the Gospels|Gospel]]."

Today the Shroud is in the Cathedral of Saint [[John the Baptist]] in [[Turin]], [[Italy]],<ref>[http://www.shroud.com/]</ref> its same location since 1578.<ref>In 1578 the Shroud was moved by the House of Savoy to Turin from Chambery [https://www.thetravel.com/where-is-the-shroud-of-turin/].</ref>

Today the Shroud is in the Cathedral of Saint [[John the Baptist]] in [[Turin]], [[Italy]],<ref>[http://www.shroud.com/]</ref> its same location since 1578.<ref>In 1578 the Shroud was moved by the House of Savoy to Turin from Chambery [https://www.thetravel.com/where-is-the-shroud-of-turin/].</ref> In January 2023 it went on public display for the first time in a decade.<ref name="BBC">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8612315.stm</ref>

==Proof of authenticity==

==Proof of authenticity==