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'''Texas''' became the 28th state to join the union on December 29, 1845. As of 2024, Texas has the 9th largest economy in the world, with a $32.7 billion budget surplus. Texas is a bastion of [[free enterprise]], religious liberty, and [[conservative]] outspokenness. '''''Beginning in fall 2025, the [[Bible]] is part of its [[public school]] curriculum'''''.

'''Texas''' became the 28th state to join the union on December 29, 1845. As of 2024, Texas has the 9th largest economy in the world, with a $32.7 billion budget surplus. Texas is a bastion of [[free enterprise]], religious liberty, and [[conservative]] outspokenness. '''''Beginning in fall 2025, the [[Bible]] is part of its [[public school]] curriculum'''''.

Texas was a territory of [[Mexico]] from 1821–1835, before [[Texas War of Independence|gaining independence]] from [[Mexico]] as the [[Republic of Texas]] from 1836–1845. This state is the largest [[conservative]] state in population (in 2020 it was the only state to gain more than one new seat in Congress, it gained two new seats) and is predicted to surpass [[California]] in population within a few decades (due in part to Californians moving to the state, causing it to lose a Congressional seat for the first time in its history). Texas is the second-largest in population after California (in 2020 its population was estimated at over 29.1 million) and has the second-largest land-area after [[Alaska]].  Texas has long been the biggest grower of [[cotton]] in the [[U.S.]] Texas has the most [[free market]]-based large [[economy]] in the [[United States]].

Texas was a territory of [[Mexico]] from 1821–1835, before [[Texas War of Independence|gaining independence]] from [[Mexico]] as the [[Republic of Texas]] from 1836–1845. This state is the largest [[conservative]] state in population (in 2020 it was the only state to gain more than one new seat in Congress, it gained two new seats) and is predicted to surpass [[California]] in population within a few decades (due in part to Californians moving to the state, causing it to lose a Congressional seat for the first time in its history). Texas is the second-largest in population after California (in 2020 its population was estimated at over 29.1 million) and has the second-largest land area after [[Alaska]].  Texas has long been the biggest grower of [[cotton]] in the [[U.S.]]  

The capital of Texas is [[Austin]], and its largest city is [[Houston]]. Texas was a solidly [[Democratic Party|Democrat]] state from the end of [[Reconstruction]] in the early 1870s until the 1970s, when [[Republican Party]] started gradually taking control, until it dominated the political atmosphere of the state. Nevertheless, Democrats control the largest cities of Houston, [[San Antonio]], Austin, [[Dallas]], and [[El Paso]] (and the respective counties in which they reside), along with the counties along the Mexican border. Austin is one of the most [[liberal]] cities in [[The South|the South]].

The capital of Texas is [[Austin]], and its largest city is [[Houston]]. Texas was a solidly [[Democratic Party|Democrat]] state from the end of [[Reconstruction]] in the early 1870s until the 1970s, when [[Republican Party]] started gradually taking control, until it dominated the political atmosphere of the state. Nevertheless, Democrats control the largest cities of Houston, [[San Antonio]], Austin, [[Dallas]], and [[El Paso]] (and the respective counties in which they reside), along with the counties along the Mexican border. Austin is one of the most [[liberal]] cities in [[The South|the South]].

Up until the 1980s Texas had a booming [[oil]] industry, starting with the Spindletop oil gusher. For many years Texas was one of the largest oil producers in the world, with the Permian Basin and East Texas oilfields being famous around the globe. Currently, Texas is shifting from the oil industry (though still a significant component of the state economy) to the service sector. It has a growing tech industry and is home to many well-known corporations such as [[Dell]], [[Texas Instruments]] and [[Hewlett Packard]].  The North Texas area also has a large concentration of defense contractors: Bell Helicopter, Lockheed Martin, L3Harris Technologies, and [[Raytheon]] all have a large presence in the area.  Texas has a world-renowned health care system, particularly in [[Houston]].

Up until the 1980s, Texas had a booming [[oil]] industry, starting with the Spindletop oil gusher. For many years Texas was one of the largest oil producers in the world, with the Permian Basin and East Texas oilfields being famous around the globe. Currently, Texas is shifting from the oil industry (though still a significant component of the state economy) to the service sector. It has a growing tech industry and is home to many well-known corporations such as [[Dell]], [[Texas Instruments]] and [[Hewlett Packard]].  The North Texas area also has a large concentration of defense contractors: Bell Helicopter, Lockheed Martin, L3Harris Technologies, and [[Raytheon]] all have a large presence in the area.  Texas has a world-renowned health care system, particularly in [[Houston]].

The state Constitution of Texas, like all of the other 50 states, acknowledges God or our Creator or the ''Sovereign Ruler of the Universe''. It says:

The state Constitution of Texas, like all of the other 50 states, acknowledges God or our Creator or the ''Sovereign Ruler of the Universe''. It says:

Spain sent in several exploration teams, but they found no gold and gave negative reports that warned about the arid land and the hostile Indian tribes. Spanish settlers moved to [[New Mexico]] instead.  

Spain sent in several exploration teams, but they found no gold and gave negative reports that warned about the arid land and the hostile Indian tribes. Spanish settlers moved to [[New Mexico]] instead.  

Spain opened a mission at San Antonio in 1718 along with several small missions and military outposts, primarily to keep France from expansing from its base in Louisiana. Spain began issuing permission for American settlement, but was replaced by Mexico in 1821.

Spain opened a mission at San Antonio in 1718 along with several small missions and military outposts, primarily to keep France from expanding from its base in Louisiana. Spain began issuing permission for American settlement, but was replaced by Mexico in 1821.

===France: 1685–1690===

===France: 1685–1690===

France was looking to expand its new colony in the Louisiana area, and French nobleman Robert de La Salle led an expedition looking for the mouth of the Mississippi river. However, he got lost and shipwrecked on the coast of Texas, and founded the colony Fort St. Louis in 1695. However, the colony was beset with many problems, including famine, disease, and attack from Native Americans. After five years, many of the inhabitants were dead, La Salle was murdered by his own crew, and the survivors had abandoned the colony.

France was looking to expand its new colony in the Louisiana area, and French nobleman Robert de La Salle led an expedition looking for the mouth of the [[Mississippi River]]. However, he got lost and shipwrecked on the coast of Texas, and founded the colony Fort St. Louis in 1695. However, the colony was beset with many problems, including famine, disease, and attack from Native Americans. After five years, many of the inhabitants were dead, La Salle was murdered by his own crew, and the survivors had abandoned the colony.

===Mexico===

===Mexico===

[[Image:Texas1835.jpg|thumb|550px|Texas in 1835]]

[[Image:Texas1835.jpg|thumb|550px|Texas in 1835]]

Texas leaders gathered at Washington-on-the-Brazos to sign the Texas Declaration of Independence on March 2, 1836.  Four days later the [[Alamo]] fell after a 13-day siege by Mexican troops led by [[Antonio López de Santa Anna|Gen. Antonio López de Santa Anna]].  The massacre of all the defenders gave rise to the rallying call "Remember the Alamo".  Santa Anna's Mexican troops were defeated on April 21 at the Battle of [[San Jacinto]] near present-day Houston. Mexico, however, refused to recognize the independence and when Texas joined the U.S. in 1845, the [[Mexican American War]] became inevitable.   

Texas leaders gathered at Washington-on-the-Brazos to sign the Texas Declaration of Independence on March 2, 1836.  Four days later the [[Alamo]] fell after a 13-day siege by Mexican troops led by [[Antonio López de Santa Anna|Gen. Antonio López de Santa Anna]].  The massacre of all the defenders gave rise to the rallying call "Remember the Alamo".  Santa Anna's Mexican troops were defeated on April 21 at the Battle of [[San Jacinto]] near present-day Houston. Mexico, however, refused to recognize the independence and when Texas joined the U.S. in 1845, the [[Mexican-American War]] became inevitable.   

Texas was a favorite destination of German immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s.  The state grew rapidly because of cattle herds and cotton farming; there were few cities.

Texas was a favorite destination of German immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s.  The state grew rapidly because of cattle herds and cotton farming; there were few cities.

==Government==

==Government==

As with the Federal government and all other state governments, Texas government has three branches: legislative, executive and judicial.

As with the Federal government and all other state governments, Texas government has three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

The governing documents for the state are the [[Texas Constitution]], the Texas Statutes and the Texas Administrative Code.

The governing documents for the state are the [[Texas Constitution]], the Texas Statutes and the Texas Administrative Code.

*Courts of Appeals, which hear appeals from County Courts and District Courts (except for capital felony cases where a death sentence was imposed),

*Courts of Appeals, which hear appeals from County Courts and District Courts (except for capital felony cases where a death sentence was imposed),

**The structure of these courts is confusing in some areas.  The 1st and 14th Courts of Appeals cover the same counties, both are seated in Houston, and appeals from the County and District Courts are randomly assigned between them.  Also, five counties within the 6th Court of Appeals are also within the geographical boundaries of other Courts (Hunt County is also in the 5th Court, the others are also in the 12th Court).

**The structure of these courts is confusing in some areas.  The 1st and 14th Courts of Appeals cover the same counties, both are seated in Houston, and appeals from the County and District Courts are randomly assigned between them.  Also, five counties within the 6th Court of Appeals are also within the geographical boundaries of other Courts (Hunt County is also in the 5th Court, the others are also in the 12th Court).

*Court of Criminal Appeals, which hears criminal case appeals from the Courts of Appeals as well as any death sentences which are automatically appealed, and

*Court of Criminal Appeals, which hears criminal case appeals from the Courts of Appeals as well as any death sentences that are automatically appealed, and

*Supreme Court, which hears civil case appeals from the Courts of Appeals (this includes any juvenile cases even when a criminal act is involved; in those cases the Supreme Court will defer to prior rulings of the Court of Criminal Appeals).

*Supreme Court, which hears civil case appeals from the Courts of Appeals (this includes any juvenile cases even when a criminal act is involved; in those cases the Supreme Court will defer to prior rulings of the Court of Criminal Appeals).

Texas is a mostly conservative state. It has consistently voted [[Republican]] in presidential elections since 1980, last favoring the [[Democrats]] in 1976 when [[Jimmy Carter]] won the state. As of the beginning of the 99th Legislature in January 2023, the Texas Senate has 19 Republicans and 12 Democrats, and the State House consists of 86 Republicans and 64 Democrats (though in May 2023 Republican [[Bryan Slaton]] was expelled, temporarily reducing the Republican count to 85). Republicans also have a 25-13 edge in the federal House delegation, and both Senators are Republicans.  All statewide elected positions are held by Republicans, as well as a majority on the elected State Board of Education.

Texas is a mostly conservative state. It has consistently voted [[Republican]] in presidential elections since 1980, last favoring the [[Democrats]] in 1976 when [[Jimmy Carter]] won the state. As of the beginning of the 99th Legislature in January 2023, the Texas Senate has 19 Republicans and 12 Democrats, and the State House consists of 86 Republicans and 64 Democrats (though in May 2023 Republican [[Bryan Slaton]] was expelled, temporarily reducing the Republican count to 85). Republicans also have a 25-13 edge in the federal House delegation, and both Senators are Republicans.  All statewide elected positions are held by Republicans, as well as a majority on the elected State Board of Education.

Historically, Texas was a [[Democratic Party (USA)|Democratic Party]] stronghold.<ref name="TSHA">[https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/wap02 Political Parties - Handbook of Texas Online]. ''Texas State Historical Association''. Retrieved August 16, 2016.</ref> This was the case until the 1960s, and was especially the case in the early 20th Century.<ref name="TSHA"/> Due to the Dominance of the Democrats, the Democrat primaries were considered "the real election", during this time.<ref name="TSHA"/> In the party however, there were competing factions, and during the [[New Deal]], a conservative-liberal divide within the Democratic Party emerged.<ref name="TSHA"/> As the Democratic Party became more liberal (in a conservative state), and as different changes occurred in the state, conservative voters switched to the growing,more conservative Republican Party,<ref>Sirois, Francis (November 8, 2016). [http://www.newschannel10.com/story/33661247/history-of-texas-voters History of Texas voters]. ''KFDA''. Retrieved November 9, 2016.</ref> until it took the Democrats place as the dominant party in Texas.<ref name="TSHA"/><ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/architect/texas/realignment.html How Texas Became a "Red" State - Frontline]. ''PBS''. April 12, 2005. Retrieved August 16, 2016.</ref>  However, Democrats maintain liberal strongholds in Austin (the state capital), most of the large cities (and the counties in which they are located, as most first-ring suburbs have trended Democrat as well), and along the Texas-Mexico border.

Historically, Texas was a [[Democratic Party (USA)|Democratic Party]] stronghold.<ref name="TSHA">[https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/wap02 Political Parties - Handbook of Texas Online]. ''Texas State Historical Association''. Retrieved August 16, 2016.</ref> This was the case until the 1960s, and was especially the case in the early 20th Century.<ref name="TSHA"/> Due to the Dominance of the Democrats, the Democrat primaries were considered "the real election", during this time.<ref name="TSHA"/> In the party however, there were competing factions, and during the [[New Deal]], a conservative-liberal divide within the Democratic Party emerged.<ref name="TSHA"/> As the Democratic Party became more liberal (in a conservative state), and as different changes occurred in the state, conservative voters switched to the growing, more conservative Republican Party,<ref>Sirois, Francis (November 8, 2016). [http://www.newschannel10.com/story/33661247/history-of-texas-voters History of Texas voters]. ''KFDA''. Retrieved November 9, 2016.</ref> until it took the Democrats' place as the dominant party in Texas.<ref name="TSHA"/><ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/architect/texas/realignment.html How Texas Became a "Red" State - Frontline]. ''PBS''. April 12, 2005. Retrieved August 16, 2016.</ref>  However, Democrats maintain liberal strongholds in Austin (the state capital), most of the large cities (and the counties in which they are located, as most first-ring suburbs have trended Democrat as well), and along the Texas-Mexico border.

In the 2014 Texas elections, the [[Tea Party Movement]] made large gains, with numerous Tea Party favorites being elected into office, like [[Dan Patrick]] as lieutenant governor,<ref name="Holdssway">{{cite news | last1=Fernandez | first1=Manny | title=Lieutenant Governor Loses Texas Runoff as Tea Party Holds Sway | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/28/us/politics/tea-party-favorite-beats-lieutenant-governor-in-texas.html | date=May 27, 2014 | publisher=[[The New York Times]] | accessdate=April 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>Koppel, Nathan (January 21, 2015) - [https://www.wsj.com/articles/texas-lt-gov-dan-patrick-moves-quickly-to-advance-conservative-agenda-1421883867 "Texas Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick Moves Quickly to Advance Conservative Agenda"]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 2, 2015.</ref> [[Ken Paxton]] as attorney general,<ref name="Holdssway"/><ref name="Grissom">Grissom, Brandi. [http://www.texastribune.org/2014/05/28/tea-party-conservatives-win-top-gop-runoff-contest/ Tea Party Conservatives Win Top GOP Runoff Contests], ''Texas Tribune'', May 28, 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2015.</ref> in addition to numerous other candidates<ref name="Grissom"/> including conservative Republican [[Greg Abbott]] as governor.<ref>Fernandez, Manny (January 20, 2015). [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/21/us/politics/new-texas-governor-greg-abbott-expected-to-continue-on-perrys-path.html Texas’ New Governor Echoes the Plans of Perry]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved October 1, 2016.</ref>

In the 2014 Texas elections, the [[Tea Party Movement]] made large gains, with numerous Tea Party favorites being elected into office, like [[Dan Patrick]] as lieutenant governor,<ref name="Holdssway">{{cite news | last1=Fernandez | first1=Manny | title=Lieutenant Governor Loses Texas Runoff as Tea Party Holds Sway | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/28/us/politics/tea-party-favorite-beats-lieutenant-governor-in-texas.html | date=May 27, 2014 | publisher=[[The New York Times]] | accessdate=April 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>Koppel, Nathan (January 21, 2015) - [https://www.wsj.com/articles/texas-lt-gov-dan-patrick-moves-quickly-to-advance-conservative-agenda-1421883867 "Texas Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick Moves Quickly to Advance Conservative Agenda"]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 2, 2015.</ref> [[Ken Paxton]] as attorney general,<ref name="Holdssway"/><ref name="Grissom">Grissom, Brandi. [http://www.texastribune.org/2014/05/28/tea-party-conservatives-win-top-gop-runoff-contest/ Tea Party Conservatives Win Top GOP Runoff Contests], ''Texas Tribune'', May 28, 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2015.</ref> in addition to numerous other candidates<ref name="Grissom"/> including conservative Republican [[Greg Abbott]] as governor.<ref>Fernandez, Manny (January 20, 2015). [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/21/us/politics/new-texas-governor-greg-abbott-expected-to-continue-on-perrys-path.html Texas’s New Governor Echoes the Plans of Perry]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved October 1, 2016.</ref>

However, as Texas's economy was performing very well – unlike states with liberal economic policies – many non-Texans from those liberal states moved into the state.  Although many were conservative, more were liberal; this caused the political left-wing to grow in power, and political analysts continually predict Texas would soon become a swing state.<ref>Wilson, Reid (November 18, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/417140-rise-of-big-cities-push-texas-to-swing-state-territory-maybe-by-2020 Rise of big cities push Texas to swing-state territory — maybe by 2020]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 18, 2018.</ref>

However, as Texas's economy was performing very well – unlike states with liberal economic policies – many non-Texans from those liberal states moved into the state.  Although many were conservative, more were liberal; this caused the political left-wing to grow in power, and political analysts continually predict that Texas would soon become a swing state.<ref>Wilson, Reid (November 18, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/417140-rise-of-big-cities-push-texas-to-swing-state-territory-maybe-by-2020 Rise of big cities push Texas to swing-state territory — maybe by 2020]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 18, 2018.</ref>

The continued tension between Texas conservative leaders and Washington has led to several groups suggesting that Texas once again become an independent country; the groups range from the "Republic of Texas" organization (which has engaged in violent tactics) to the [[Texas Nationalist Movement]] (which seeks a peaceful secession -- popularly known as "[[Texit]]" -- via a voter-approved state-wide referendum, similar to those held by Scottish Independence groups and the one which ultimately led to [[Brexit]]).

The continued tension between Texas conservative leaders and Washington has led to several groups suggesting that Texas once again become an independent country; the groups range from the "Republic of Texas" organization (which has engaged in violent tactics) to the [[Texas Nationalist Movement]] (which seeks a peaceful secession -- popularly known as "[[Texit]]" -- via a voter-approved state-wide referendum, similar to those held by Scottish Independence groups and the one which ultimately led to [[Brexit]]).

Texas also tried to install impediments to migrant passage into the state and country, such as floating buoys in the middle of the river and shipping containers arranged along the banks of the [[Rio Grande river]] that separates the US from Mexico. In 2023, Texas installed razor wire on top of the shipping containers and at ground level to prevent migrants from climbing over the barriers. The measures had some success in limiting entry.

Texas also tried to install impediments to migrant passage into the state and country, such as floating buoys in the middle of the river and shipping containers arranged along the banks of the [[Rio Grande river]] that separates the US from Mexico. In 2023, Texas installed razor wire on top of the shipping containers and at ground level to prevent migrants from climbing over the barriers. The measures had some success in limiting entry.

The floating buoys were deemed hazardous, so they were mostly removed. The wire, however, remained. The [[Biden regime]] ordered the Border Patrol to remove the wire, and the work was begun in 2023. Texas objected and blocked Border Patrol from removing the wire by obtaining an injunction from a Federal court. That ruling was appealed, but the Federal appellate court affirmed it.

The floating buoys were deemed hazardous, so they were mostly removed. The wire, however, remained. The [[Biden regime]] ordered the Border Patrol to remove the wire, and the work began in 2023. Texas objected and blocked Border Patrol from removing the wire by obtaining an injunction from a Federal court. That ruling was appealed, but the Federal appellate court affirmed it.

The Biden regime then made an expedited appeal to the [[United States Supreme Court]], which ruled that the Border Patrol could continue cutting the wire. Note that the Supreme Court ruled very narrowly: Border Patrol can still cut the razor wire that Texas installs. They did not rule that Texas is prohibited from installing the wire.

The Biden regime then made an expedited appeal to the [[United States Supreme Court]], which ruled that the Border Patrol could continue cutting the wire. Note that the Supreme Court ruled very narrowly: Border Patrol can still cut the razor wire that Texas installs. They did not rule that Texas is prohibited from installing the wire.

{{Anchor|Eagle Pass}}

{{Anchor|Eagle Pass}}

Texas governor [[Greg Abbott]] ordered the Texas National Guard to re-install razor wire on the border. They also built a wire fence around Shelby Park in Eagle Pass, Texas, a relatively small patch of land that the [[Biden regime]] used as a gathering ground for migrant processing.

Texas Governor [[Greg Abbott]] ordered the Texas National Guard to reinstall razor wire on the border. They also built a wire fence around Shelby Park in Eagle Pass, Texas, a relatively small patch of land that the [[Biden regime]] used as a gathering ground for migrant processing.

Gov. Abbott filed a suit to enjoin the federal government from obstructing Texas's efforts to secure the border. Abbott uses the [[United States Constitution]] to buttress his claim:

Gov. Abbott filed a suit to enjoin the federal government from obstructing Texas's efforts to secure the border. Abbott uses the [[United States Constitution]] to buttress his claim: