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Norfolk, along with the rest of East Anglia, was conquered by the Danes under Ivar the Boneless in 869 AD following the defeat of Edmund of East Anglia, who is commemorated by name in the Norfolk place-name [[Caistor St Edmund]]). There is significant place-name evidence for a Scandinavian presence in Norfolk, with numerous settlements ending in ''-by'' (from [[Old Norse]] ''byr'' meaning "farm") are found on the former island of Flegg on the [[Broads|Norfolk Broads]] (e.g. Billockby, Clippesby, Scratby, Ormesby, Scratby, Thrigby, Mautby, Rollesby, Herringsby, Ashby, Oby, Filby and Hemsby) and many street-names in [[Norwich]] end in ''-gate'' (from Old Norse ''gata'').<ref>[https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/20786279.can-find-vikings-norfolk/ Where you can find Vikings in Norfolk]</ref> Tombland, an area near modern-day Norwich Cathedral, is a place-name derived from the Scandinavian word for "empty". Some East Anglian dialect words are believed to be of Scandinavian origin, including ''staithe'' ("landing stage"), ''dag'' ("dew"), ''dow'' ("pigeon"), ''grup'' ("small trench") and ''stroop'' ("throat").<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010119/http://public.oed.com/aspects-of-english/english-in-use/east-anglian-english/  East Anglian English]</ref>

Norfolk, along with the rest of East Anglia, was conquered by the Danes under Ivar the Boneless in 869 AD following the defeat of Edmund of East Anglia, who is commemorated by name in the Norfolk place-name [[Caistor St Edmund]]). There is significant place-name evidence for a Scandinavian presence in Norfolk, with numerous settlements ending in ''-by'' (from [[Old Norse]] ''byr'' meaning "farm") are found on the former island of Flegg on the [[Broads|Norfolk Broads]] (e.g. Billockby, Clippesby, Scratby, Ormesby, Scratby, Thrigby, Mautby, Rollesby, Herringsby, Ashby, Oby, Filby and Hemsby) and many street-names in [[Norwich]] end in ''-gate'' (from Old Norse ''gata'').<ref>[https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/20786279.can-find-vikings-norfolk/ Where you can find Vikings in Norfolk]</ref> Tombland, an area near modern-day Norwich Cathedral, is a place-name derived from the Scandinavian word for "empty". Some East Anglian dialect words are believed to be of Scandinavian origin, including ''staithe'' ("landing stage"), ''dag'' ("dew"), ''dow'' ("pigeon"), ''grup'' ("small trench") and ''stroop'' ("throat").<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010119/http://public.oed.com/aspects-of-english/english-in-use/east-anglian-english/  East Anglian English]</ref>

In the late 16th century, Norfolk and especially the county town Norwich, saw a significant influx of Protestant [[refugees]] from [[the Netherlands]] and [[Wallonia]]. The [[Protestant Reformation]] had been particularly violent in the Netherlands, as Spanish rulers sought to suppress [[Calvinism]] through the Inquisition and harsh laws, leading to numerous [[Execution|executions]] and [[exile]], ultimately acting as a cause for the Eighty Years War. The first settlers arrived in the city in 1565 and were referred to as Strangers (sometimes known in a historical context as "Elizabethan Strangers"); 30 households (roughly 300 people) were invited to settle in Norwich with the hopes that they would boost textile manufacture in the city.

In the late 16th century, Norfolk and especially the county town Norwich, saw a significant influx of Protestant [[refugees]] from [[the Netherlands]] and [[Wallonia]]. The [[Protestant Reformation]] had been particularly violent in the Netherlands, as Spanish rulers sought to suppress [[Calvinism]] through the Inquisition and harsh laws, leading to numerous [[Execution|executions]] and [[exile]], ultimately acting as a cause for the Eighty Years War. The first settlers arrived in the city in 1565 and were referred to as Strangers (sometimes known in a historical context as "Elizabethan Strangers"); 30 households (roughly 300 people) were invited to settle in Norwich with the hopes that they would boost textile manufacture in the city. By c. 1600, there were over 4000 Dutch refugees in Norwich, comprising a third of that city's population.<ref>[https://www.visitnorfolk.co.uk/post/how-the-dutch-low-countries-and-continent-helped-shape-norfolk-uk How the Dutch, Low Countries and Continent helped shape Norfolk UK] </ref>

During the late 17th century, around 50% of manufacturing in England was in rural areas, and Norfolk was likely England's most industrialised county, with over 65% of men in the country working in industry in 1700.<ref>[https://www.cam.ac.uk/stories/nation-of-makers-industrial-britain ‘Nation of makers’: Britain industrialised over a century earlier than history books claim]</ref> However, the [[Industrial Revolution]] of the late-18th and early-19th centuries was a relatively quiet time for Norfolk, which had few mineral resources and as such developed little heavy industry. During this time, it's likely that much of southern and eastern England's workforce returned to agriculture; with the share of Norfolk's male workforce in manufacturing dropping to under 40% and the share in farming increasing from 28% to 51% during the 18th century. Ports such as King's Lynn, which had been important centres of commerce in the Middle Ages, were now far eclipsed by ports such as Liverpool in the industrial north of England. Railways did not arrive in Norfolk until the mid-19th century (over 20 year after the advent of passenger rail in the UK), when the line from London to Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire, was extended via Cambridge to Norwich.

During the late 17th century, around 50% of manufacturing in England was in rural areas, and Norfolk was likely England's most industrialised county, with over 65% of men in the country working in industry in 1700.<ref>[https://www.cam.ac.uk/stories/nation-of-makers-industrial-britain ‘Nation of makers’: Britain industrialised over a century earlier than history books claim]</ref> However, the [[Industrial Revolution]] of the late-18th and early-19th centuries was a relatively quiet time for Norfolk, which had few mineral resources and as such developed little heavy industry. During this time, it's likely that much of southern and eastern England's workforce returned to agriculture; with the share of Norfolk's male workforce in manufacturing dropping to under 40% and the share in farming increasing from 28% to 51% during the 18th century. Ports such as King's Lynn, which had been important centres of commerce in the Middle Ages, were now far eclipsed by ports such as Liverpool in the industrial north of England. Railways did not arrive in Norfolk until the mid-19th century (over 20 year after the advent of passenger rail in the UK), when the line from London to Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire, was extended via Cambridge to Norwich.