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==Middle Ages: Teachings about the Virgin Mary, Jesus and Boiling Excrement, and Unjustified Punishment of Jews==

==Middle Ages: Teachings about the Virgin Mary, Jesus and Boiling Excrement, and Unjustified Punishment of Jews==

In the [[Middle Ages]], Catholics blamed Jews for the death of Jesus Christ. This fueled Christian antipathy against Jews in most of Europe. This also led to rumors that Jews "desecrated the host" (tortured [[communion]] bread as per the [[Catholic]] doctrine of [[transubstantiation]]), and that they "poisoned the wells", leading to the [[Black Death]]. Another element that resulted in Jewish persecution was some quotations from the Talmud that had the Rabbis making various claims inferring that the Virgin Mary was a prostitute who had pre-marital relations with a Roman Centurion that resulted in Jesus's birth, and also claimed that Jesus (titled "Yeshu" in the Talmud as an insult<ref>https://jewsforjesus.org/newsletter-mar-2008/y-shua-or-yeshu</ref>) was boiling in hot excrement for all eternity,<ref>http://answering-christianity.com/jews1.htm</ref><ref>http://www.answering-christianity.com/jews2.htm</ref><ref>http://www.halakhah.com/gittin/gittin_57.html</ref> especially after the Jewish convert Nicolas Donin exposed these passages in 1239.<ref>http://www.traditioninaction.org/HotTopics/a028htJPII_VisitToSynagogue1986.htm</ref><ref>http://exodusmyth.com/2017/02/18/the-truth-about-the-talmud-michael-hoffman/</ref> It didn't help that Christians expelled practitioners of Judaism from various places. Professing Jews were expelled from England in 1290, from France in 1306, and from Spain in 1492 and Portugal in 1496. (Those who converted to Christianity could remain.) Many went to Holland and Poland.  Napoleon removed most of the restrictions that kept Jews in ghettoes in Germany.

In the [[Middle Ages]], Catholics blamed Jews for the death of Jesus Christ. This fueled Christian antipathy against Jews in most of Europe. This also led to rumors that Jews "desecrated the host" (tortured [[communion]] bread as per the [[Catholic]] doctrine of [[transubstantiation]]), and that they "poisoned the wells", leading to the [[Black Death]]. Another element that resulted in Jewish persecution was some quotations from the Talmud that had the Rabbis making various claims inferring that the Virgin Mary was a prostitute who had pre-marital relations with a Roman Centurion that resulted in Jesus's birth, and also claimed that Jesus (titled "Yeshu" in the Talmud, per some converts to Christianity claims, an insult<ref>https://jewsforjesus.org/newsletter-mar-2008/y-shua-or-yeshu</ref>) was boiling in hot excrement for all eternity,<ref>http://answering-christianity.com/jews1.htm</ref><ref>http://www.answering-christianity.com/jews2.htm</ref><ref>http://www.halakhah.com/gittin/gittin_57.html</ref> especially after the Jewish convert Nicolas Donin exposed these passages in 1239.<ref>http://www.traditioninaction.org/HotTopics/a028htJPII_VisitToSynagogue1986.htm</ref><ref>http://exodusmyth.com/2017/02/18/the-truth-about-the-talmud-michael-hoffman/</ref> It didn't help that Christians expelled practitioners of Judaism from various places. Professing Jews were expelled from England in 1290, from France in 1306, and from Spain in 1492 and Portugal in 1496. (Those who converted to Christianity could remain.) Many went to Holland and Poland.  Napoleon removed most of the restrictions that kept Jews in ghettoes in Germany.

==1800–1914==

==1800–1914==