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→Central Asian gains
As trade ties between Russia and the [[EU]] were severed, Central Asian EU-trade increased to allow the reexport of EU goods (including dual use) to Russia. Trade with [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]] and [[Uzbekistan]] increased. The Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) became an effective mechanism for sanctions avoidance.
As trade ties between Russia and the [[EU]] were severed, Central Asian EU-trade increased to allow the reexport of EU goods (including dual use) to Russia. Trade with [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]] and [[Uzbekistan]] increased. The Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) became an effective mechanism for sanctions avoidance.
To give one example, German luxury car export to Kyrgyzstan increased by 31,000%.<ref>[https://theprint.in/world/is-russia-evading-western-sanctions-via-central-asia-what-eu-trade-data-suggests/1885912/ 31,000% surge in car, ship, toy exports — Europe’s suddenly trading with Central Asia post Russia war], NIKHIL RAMPAL, ''The Print'', 15 December, 2023. theprint.in</ref> A major Russian [[gas]] deal with Uzbekistan and a $6bn [[coal]] deal with Kazakhstan, where almost 50% of foreign companies registered are now Russian, attest to an intensification of ties. Additionally, the multi-modal Middle Corridor was expected to replace the sanctioned Northern Corridor running through Russia. But the Middle Corridor still faces infrastructure bottlenecks and the Northern Corridor now transits pre-war volumes again. Central Asian [[migrant]] [[labor]] remittances increased, constituting 20% of Uzbek GDP, and higher percentages in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and [[Tajikistan]].
To give one example, German luxury car export to Kyrgyzstan increased by 31,000%.<ref>[https://theprint.in/world/is-russia-evading-western-sanctions-via-central-asia-what-eu-trade-data-suggests/1885912/ 31,000% surge in car, ship, toy exports — Europe’s suddenly trading with Central Asia post Russia war], NIKHIL RAMPAL, ''The Print'', 15 December, 2023. theprint.in</ref> A major Russian [[gas]] deal with Uzbekistan and a $6bn [[coal]] deal with Kazakhstan, where almost 50% of foreign companies registered are now Russian, attest to an intensification of ties. Additionally, the multi-modal Middle Corridor was expected to replace the sanctioned Northern Corridor running through Russia. But the Middle Corridor still faces infrastructure bottlenecks and the Northern Corridor now transits pre-war volumes again. Central Asian [[migrant]] [[labor]] remittances increased, constituting 20% of Uzbek GDP, and higher percentages in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and [[Tajikistan]].
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==Ruble gains==
==Ruble gains==