Changes

Under the Nationalists, China experienced industrialization and modernization, but there was also conflict between the government in Nanjing, the Communist Party, remnant warlords, and Japan. The warlords were finally brought to heel in 1930 when Chiang put down a brief but bloody revolt called the Central Plains War. One party rule, described as "political tutelage," was established. In Nationalist ideology, this was explained as a period in which the nation would be educated and prepared for full democracy.

Under the Nationalists, China experienced industrialization and modernization, but there was also conflict between the government in Nanjing, the Communist Party, remnant warlords, and Japan. The warlords were finally brought to heel in 1930 when Chiang put down a brief but bloody revolt called the Central Plains War. One party rule, described as "political tutelage," was established. In Nationalist ideology, this was explained as a period in which the nation would be educated and prepared for full democracy.

The Japanese seized Manchuria in the "Mukden Incident" of 1931. They created a puppet state to administer this region with Puyi as emperor. In 1932, Japanese forces attacked Shanghai. This incident featured a number a technological firsts, including the first aerial assault based from an aircraft carrier, as well as the first terror bombing of a civilian target. The ceasefire declared Shanghai a demilitarized zone.  

The Japanese seized Manchuria in the "Mukden Incident" of 1931. They created a puppet state to administer this region with Puyi as emperor. In 1932, Japanese forces attacked Shanghai. This incident featured a number a technological firsts, including the first aerial assault based from an aircraft carrier, as well as the first terror bombing of a civilian target. The [[ceasefire]] declared Shanghai a demilitarized zone.

===The Sino-German alliance===

===The Sino-German alliance===