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{{Christianity}}
{{Christianity}}
{{Middle Ages}}
{{Middle Ages}}
[[Image:Crusader.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A returning Crusader]]
[[Image:Crusader.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A returning Crusader]]
'''The Crusades''' (1095-1291) were a series of European Catholic campaigns into the Middle East, fought during the Middle Ages. They were the military responses made by Catholics, from western Europe to the Pope's pleas to re-capture the Holy Land from Islamic influence. After centuries of Islamic attacks, prior to the First Crusade in 1095, Muslims had conquered about two-thirds of the Christian world, thus the Western Europeans were finally ready for a counter offensive and so the First Crusade was not a initiation of conflict, but was the latest phase of ongoing conflict.<ref>Andrew Holt and Alfred Andrea. 2015. Seven Myths of the Crusades. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 9781624664038 Page 28 </ref> The '''First Crusade''' created new Latin states in the Holy Land. Subsequent crusades were less successful except when they attacked Byzantium. Other medieval movements against heretics and infidels were also called crusades. The crusades ended with the Islamic recapture of all the Holy Land in 1291, when the last city controlled by crusaders, Acre, fell.
'''The Crusades''' (1095-1291) were a series of European Catholic campaigns into the Middle East, fought during the Middle Ages. They were the military responses made by Catholics, from western Europe to the Pope's pleas to re-capture the Holy Land from Islamic influence. After centuries of Islamic attacks, prior to the First Crusade in 1095, Muslims had conquered about two-thirds of the Christian world, thus the Western Europeans were finally ready for a counter offensive and so the First Crusade was not a initiation of conflict, but was the latest phase of ongoing conflict.<ref>Andrew Holt and Alfred Andrea. 2015. Seven Myths of the Crusades. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 9781624664038 Page 28 </ref> The '''First Crusade''' created new Latin states in the Holy Land. Subsequent crusades were less successful except when they attacked Byzantium. Other medieval movements against heretics and infidels were also called crusades. The crusades ended with the Islamic recapture of all the Holy Land in 1291, when the last city controlled by crusaders, Acre, fell.