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Stanley Miller, however, wasn't the first to highly disparage the existing proposals that scientists had come up with for the origin of life though natural means. Chemist and science writer Andrew Scott in 1988 said that "[d]ue to this scarcity of financial resources the study of the origins of life has been forced to become a most efficient and cost-effective industry from just a thimble-full of facts the scientists engaged in that study manage to generate a virtually endless supply of theories!"<ref>Quoted by Jones, Stephen E., [http://members.iinet.net.au/~sejones/orignl02.html#orgnflfscntfcthrsnvblscntfcthrsnthrgnflfllthrsndxprmntsthrndnstlmtrncnfssnfgnrnc Creation/Evolution Quotes: Origin of Life #2]</ref>
Stanley Miller, however, wasn't the first to highly disparage the existing proposals that scientists had come up with for the origin of life though natural means. Chemist and science writer Andrew Scott in 1988 said that "[d]ue to this scarcity of financial resources the study of the origins of life has been forced to become a most efficient and cost-effective industry from just a thimble-full of facts the scientists engaged in that study manage to generate a virtually endless supply of theories!"<ref>Quoted by Jones, Stephen E., [http://members.iinet.net.au/~sejones/orignl02.html#orgnflfscntfcthrsnvblscntfcthrsnthrgnflfllthrsndxprmntsthrndnstlmtrncnfssnfgnrnc Creation/Evolution Quotes: Origin of Life #2]</ref>
==Properties and processes required for non-living chemicals to become living==
==Prebiotic chemistry==
Most of the prebiotic chemistry research has remained in in searching for prebiotic pathways for the formation of very simple building blocks such as amino acids, riboses or nucleic bases - similar to the [[Miller-Urey experiment]] level, not higher molecular and complex machinery level like RNA, DNA, proteins, enzymes; due to the significantly higher level of chemistry required.<ref name="fuzzy" />
===Miller-Urey experiment===
In 1953 American chemist Stanley Miller under the supervision of American scientist Harold C. Urey at the University of Chicago performed an experiment that tried to produce components that attempted to replicate the conditions of Earth’s early atmosphere and oceans to test whether organic molecules could be created abiotically (from inorganic molecules).<ref name="Brit">[https://www.britannica.com/science/Miller-Urey-experiment Miller-Urey experiment] Encyclopedia Britannica</ref>
===Requirements for non-living chemicals to become living===
Life requires multiple chemical processes to exist simultaneously in a microscopic space. According to leading water & life chemist Felix Franks<ref>Felix Franks. 2010. "2. Water and Life Friend or Foe?". In Harper, Charles (ed.). Water and Life: The Unique Properties of H2O. CRC Press. ISBN 9781439803561 page 13</ref>
Life requires multiple chemical processes to exist simultaneously in a microscopic space. According to leading water & life chemist Felix Franks<ref>Felix Franks. 2010. "2. Water and Life Friend or Foe?". In Harper, Charles (ed.). Water and Life: The Unique Properties of H2O. CRC Press. ISBN 9781439803561 page 13</ref>