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There is no single Independent Catholic church. There are many such churches, with completely contrary beliefs to each other. Several of these hold the belief that they are the true Roman Catholic Church, and that the mainstream Roman Catholic Church has fallen into heresy or apostasy. We can group them into a few categories:

There is no single Independent Catholic church. There are many such churches, with completely contrary beliefs to each other. Several of these hold the belief that they are the true Roman Catholic Church, and that the mainstream Roman Catholic Church has fallen into heresy or apostasy. We can group them into a few categories:

==Nationalist Catholic churches==

==Nationalist Catholic churches==

*'''Nationalist Catholic churches'''. Another entity is the [[Polish National Catholic Church]] in the United States. It did not break away over any particular doctrinal issue, but as a result of ethnic conflict. Polish immigrants to the United States felt neglected by the predominantly Italian hierarchy in the United States. In the late nineteenth century the Polish National Catholic Church <ref>https://pncc.org/</ref> was founded. It was the largest member of the Union of Utrecht<ref>https://www.utrechter-union.org/en/welcome/</ref> until recently when it severed its ties in opposition to the Union's approval of women priests and accepting homosexuality. The Polish National Catholic Church has joined the Union of Scranton<ref>https://theunionofscranton.org/</ref> with the Nordic Catholic Church of Norway.

*'''Nationalist Catholic churches'''. One entity is the [[Polish National Catholic Church]] originally just in the United States, but now also in Canada and Italy. It did not break away over any particular doctrinal issue, but as a result of ethnic conflict. Polish immigrants to the United States felt neglected by the predominantly Italian hierarchy in the United States. In the late nineteenth century the Polish National Catholic Church <ref>https://pncc.org/</ref> was founded. It was the largest member of the Union of Utrecht<ref>https://www.utrechter-union.org/en/welcome/</ref> until recently when it severed its ties in opposition to the Union's approval of women priests and accepting homosexuality. The Polish National Catholic Church has joined the Union of Scranton<ref>https://theunionofscranton.org/</ref> with the Nordic Catholic Church of Norway.

==Old Catholic Church==

==Old Catholic Church==