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The '''Miller-Urey experiment''' was the first attempt to reverse-engineer the conditions in [[earth]]'s [[atmosphere]] that produced [[abiogenesis]] – the production of life from non-life. By recent analysis, the experiment did produce quite a few [[amino acid]]s, but not many of the ones used for making proteins in a cell or in any significant chemically usable quantity. Furthermore, it produced those acids in a racemic mixture (left and right handed amino acids). Life uses specific chirality (left handed amino acids only). Even secular scientists are not willing to accept this as the definitive proof of how life began.

The '''Miller-Urey experiment''' is an experiment from 1953 that tried to form organic material using assumed early earth conditions in [[earth]]'s [[atmosphere]]. Some scientists relate it to [[abiogenesis]] – the production of life from non-life, but it is generally considered just an attempt to find out a potential scenario of how life, or organic material for life, could have emerged. By recent analysis, the experiment did produce quite a few [[amino acid]]s, but not many of the ones used for making proteins in a cell or in any significant chemically usable quantity. Furthermore, it produced those acids in a racemic mixture (left and right handed amino acids). Life uses specific chirality (left handed amino acids only). Even secular scientists are not willing to accept this as the definitive proof of how life began.

==The 1953 experiment==

==The 1953 experiment==

[[File:MillerUreyExperiment.PNG|300px|thumb|right|The setup of the Miller-Urey Experiment of 1953. It attempted to simulate primitive Earth gases (Methane, Ammonia, Hydrogen, Water Vapor), primitive oceans (Water), and lightning.]]

[[File:MillerUreyExperiment.PNG|300px|thumb|right|The setup of the Miller-Urey Experiment of 1953. It attempted to simulate primitive Earth gases (Methane, Ammonia, Hydrogen, Water Vapor), primitive oceans (Water), and lightning.]]

In the 1920s, Russian scientist A. I. Oparin and British scientist J. B. S. Haldane suggested that the Earth’s primitive atmosphere had "reducing" (oxygen poor) gases consisted mainly of methane (CH₄), ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen (H₂), and water vapor (H₂O).<ref name="wells">Jonathan Wells. 2017. Zombie Science: More Icons of Evolution. ISBN: 978-1936599448. 3. Survival of the Fakest</ref> In 1953, Stanley Miller performed an experiment with those exacts same ''reducing'' gases and  reported the production of biomolecules from simple gaseous starting materials using an apparatus constructed to simulate the primordial Earth's atmosphere-ocean system. Miller used what he thought was primitive gases that would be available on a primitive earth: 200 mmHg of CH₄, 100 mmHg of H₂, 200 mmHg of NH₃ and 200 ml of H₂O into the equipment. In other words the ratio was 2:1:2:2 for CH₄:H₂:NH₃:H₂O. Then he subjected this mixture, under reflux, to an electric discharge simulating lightning for a week while the water was simultaneously heated for that time period.<ref name="exp setup">Parker, E. T., Cleaves, J. H., Burton, A. S., Glavin, D. P., Dworkin, J. P., Zhou, M., Bada, J. L., Fernández, F. M. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4089479/ Conducting Miller-Urey Experiments]. J. Vis. Exp. (83), e51039, doi:10.3791/51039 (2014).</ref>

In the 1920s, Russian scientist A. I. Oparin and British scientist J. B. S. Haldane suggested that the Earth’s primitive atmosphere had "reducing" (oxygen poor) gases consisted mainly of methane (CH₄), ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen (H₂), and water vapor (H₂O).<ref name="wells">Jonathan Wells. 2017. Zombie Science: More Icons of Evolution. ISBN: 978-1936599448. 3. Survival of the Fakest</ref> In 1953, Stanley Miller performed an experiment with those exact same ''reducing'' gases and  reported the production of biomolecules from simple gaseous starting materials using an apparatus constructed to simulate the primordial Earth's atmosphere-ocean system. Miller used what he thought was primitive gases that would be available on a primitive earth: 200 mmHg of CH₄, 100 mmHg of H₂, 200 mmHg of NH₃ and 200 ml of H₂O into the equipment. In other words the ratio was 2:1:2:2 for CH₄:H₂:NH₃:H₂O. Then he subjected this mixture, under reflux, to an electric discharge simulating lightning for a week while the water was simultaneously heated for that time period.<ref name="exp setup">Parker, E. T., Cleaves, J. H., Burton, A. S., Glavin, D. P., Dworkin, J. P., Zhou, M., Bada, J. L., Fernández, F. M. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4089479/ Conducting Miller-Urey Experiments]. J. Vis. Exp. (83), e51039, doi:10.3791/51039 (2014).</ref>

===Results===

===Results===