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Fleming helped edit and contributed to numerous reference works, including ''The Historians' History of the World,'' 25 volumes (1904); volumes XI and XII of ''The South in the Building of the Nation,'' (1909); ''The Photographic History of the Civil War,'' 10 volumes (1911); the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica,'' Eleventh Edition, (1911) and 14th edition (1929); and the ''Dictionary of American Biography,'' 20 volumes (1928–36).  

Fleming helped edit and contributed to numerous reference works, including ''The Historians' History of the World,'' 25 volumes (1904); volumes XI and XII of ''The South in the Building of the Nation,'' (1909); ''The Photographic History of the Civil War,'' 10 volumes (1911); the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica,'' Eleventh Edition, (1911) and 14th edition (1929); and the ''Dictionary of American Biography,'' 20 volumes (1928–36).  

He was a leader of the [[Dunning School]] historians, primarily Southerners,  who argued the victorious Northerners spoiled [[Reconstruction]] by a spirit of vengeance, and by violating the rights of Southern whites, and by imposing corrupt and inefficient regimes.  Fleming rooted his studies of Reconstruction in his knowledge of the ante-bellum period, and gave much more attention that other historians to the writings and activities of African Americans. He wrote that "The negro is the central figure in the reconstruction of the South. Without the negro there would have been no Civil War. Granting a war fought for any other cause, the task of reconstruction would, without him, have been comparatively simple."<ref>Fleming, ''The Sequel of Appomattox'' (1919), 34.  Note that "nego" was not usually capitalized before the 1930s.</ref> Along with [[Frederick Jackson Turner]] he was one of a few historians to publish in sociology journals. More than any white historian of Reconstruction before the 1970s, he gave extensive attention to the roles of the Blacks, including economic and social conditions. Fleming was the first scholar to examine the Black exodus to Kansas, in "'Pap' Singleton, the Moses of the Colored Exodus" (1909)  His study of the ''The Freedmen's Savings Bank: A Chapter in the Economic History of the Negro Race,'' (1927) was reprinted by Negro Universities Press in 1970.

He was a leader of the [[Dunning School]] historians, primarily Southerners,  who argued the victorious Northerners spoiled [[Reconstruction]] by a spirit of [[vengeance]], and by violating the rights of Southern whites, and by imposing corrupt and inefficient regimes.  Fleming rooted his studies of Reconstruction in his knowledge of the ante-bellum period, and gave much more attention that other historians to the writings and activities of African Americans. He wrote that "The negro is the central figure in the reconstruction of the South. Without the negro there would have been no Civil War. Granting a war fought for any other cause, the task of reconstruction would, without him, have been comparatively simple."<ref>Fleming, ''The Sequel of Appomattox'' (1919), 34.  Note that "nego" was not usually capitalized before the 1930s.</ref> Along with [[Frederick Jackson Turner]] he was one of a few historians to publish in sociology journals. More than any white historian of Reconstruction before the 1970s, he gave extensive attention to the roles of the Blacks, including economic and social conditions. Fleming was the first scholar to examine the Black exodus to Kansas, in "'Pap' Singleton, the Moses of the Colored Exodus" (1909)  His study of the ''The Freedmen's Savings Bank: A Chapter in the Economic History of the Negro Race,'' (1927) was reprinted by Negro Universities Press in 1970.

Fleming stressed the multiple dimensions and complexity of Reconstruction, and was among the first to emphasize the social, religious and economic dimensions.  He tried to balance all viewpoints. Thus in his highly influential ''Documentary History of Reconstruction'' (vol 1) he included 64 documents from the white South's viewpoint, 118 from that of their opponents (including 12 blacks), and 70 he considered neutral.  In terms of documents, 25 were state laws, 17 were federal laws, 148 were accounts by Northerners, 62 were by ex-Confederates, 22 from Southern Unionists, and 12 from Blacks.<ref>''Documentary History'' 1:x-xi</ref> [[W.E.B DuBois]] denounced Fleming and all the [[Dunning school]], while admitting his works have "a certain fairness and sense of historic honesty." The reviewer for the ''American Historical Review'' said that Fleming's "sympathies are decidedly with the South, but the work is free from bitterness or prejudice, and is on the whole as impartial an account as one can expect from any writer on this subject."<ref>Quoted in Green (1936) 507.</ref>  

Fleming stressed the multiple dimensions and complexity of Reconstruction, and was among the first to emphasize the social, religious and economic dimensions.  He tried to balance all viewpoints. Thus in his highly influential ''Documentary History of Reconstruction'' (vol 1) he included 64 documents from the white South's viewpoint, 118 from that of their opponents (including 12 blacks), and 70 he considered neutral.  In terms of documents, 25 were state laws, 17 were federal laws, 148 were accounts by Northerners, 62 were by ex-Confederates, 22 from Southern Unionists, and 12 from Blacks.<ref>''Documentary History'' 1:x-xi</ref> [[W.E.B DuBois]] denounced Fleming and all the [[Dunning school]], while admitting his works have "a certain fairness and sense of historic honesty." The reviewer for the ''American Historical Review'' said that Fleming's "sympathies are decidedly with the South, but the work is free from bitterness or prejudice, and is on the whole as impartial an account as one can expect from any writer on this subject."<ref>Quoted in Green (1936) 507.</ref>

==Professional Activities==

==Professional Activities==