Changes

[[Saint Augustine]] distinguished between validity and irregularity''':''' a [[sacrament]] performed by [[Heresy|heretics]] and [[Schism|schismatics]], while ''irregular and illegitimate'', is nonetheless ''technically and [[Ontology|ontologically]] valid'', provided certain specified conditions are fulfilled.  

[[Saint Augustine]] distinguished between validity and irregularity''':''' a [[sacrament]] performed by [[Heresy|heretics]] and [[Schism|schismatics]], while ''irregular and illegitimate'', is nonetheless ''technically and [[Ontology|ontologically]] valid'', provided certain specified conditions are fulfilled.  

Valid [[ordination]] according to the Augustinian theory requires only that a man be ordained a [[priest]] by a [[Bishop]] in the line of apostolic succession originating from one who has been licitly and validly ordained to [[Holy Orders]] and who was licitly and validly consecrated a Bishop in the unbroken line of apostolic succession descended from the original Apostles. A licitly consecrated Bishop who later becomes a schismatic, even a heretic, does not lose the authoritative '''''potestas''''' (power) of the fullness of Holy Orders, even without the '''''ius''''' (lawful authority) to licitly exercise it. And those he ordains according to the ''proper form''<ref>[https://augustinianvocations.org/blog-archive/s0q6/12/27/the-postures-and-gestures-of-ordination The Postures and Gestures of Ordination (aughustinianvocations.org)]</ref> of the sacrament of Holy Orders are held to be validly ordained priests in the line of apostolic succession, even if not licitly ordained. Valid consecration of a Bishop requires the consensual participation of agreement by three validly consecrated Bishops in the line of apostolic succession descending from, and originating in, the originally licit and valid consecration of Bishops at some time in the past before them: his consecration is held to be valid, even if irregular, according to Augustinian theory. Augustine allowed the lapsing and absence of the ''ius'' but not that of the ''potestas''. '''In laymen's terms a bishop retains his power to ordain Priests and consecrate other bishops, even if excommunicated by the [[Roman_Catholic_Church | Roman Catholic Church]] or another church. The men he ordains priests still can preform valid Sacraments and the men he consecrates as bishops can ordain valid priests and consecrate valid bishops'''. Although the Augustinian theory predominates in the West, it is not accepted universally.

Valid [[ordination]] according to the St Augustinian theory requires only that a man be ordained a [[priest]] by a [[Bishop]] in the line of apostolic succession originating from one who has been licitly and validly ordained to [[Holy Orders]] and who was licitly and validly consecrated a Bishop in the unbroken line of apostolic succession descended from the original Apostles. A licitly consecrated Bishop who later becomes a schismatic, even a heretic, does not lose the authoritative '''''potestas''''' (power) of the fullness of Holy Orders, even without the '''''ius''''' (lawful authority) to licitly exercise it. And those he ordains according to the ''proper form''<ref>[https://augustinianvocations.org/blog-archive/s0q6/12/27/the-postures-and-gestures-of-ordination The Postures and Gestures of Ordination (aughustinianvocations.org)]</ref> of the sacrament of Holy Orders are held to be validly ordained priests in the line of apostolic succession, even if not licitly ordained. Valid consecration of a Bishop requires the consensual participation of agreement by three validly consecrated Bishops in the line of apostolic succession descending from, and originating in, the originally licit and valid consecration of Bishops at some time in the past before them: his consecration is held to be valid, even if irregular, according to Augustinian theory. Augustine allowed the lapsing and absence of the ''ius'' but not that of the ''potestas''. '''In laymen's terms a bishop retains his power to ordain Priests and consecrate other bishops, even if excommunicated by the [[Roman_Catholic_Church | Roman Catholic Church]] or another church. The men he ordains priests still can preform valid Sacraments and the men he consecrates as bishops can ordain valid priests and consecrate valid bishops'''. Although the Augustinian theory predominates in the West, it is not accepted universally.

==1870 Declaration and History==

==1870 Declaration and History==