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People captured in warfare were historically considered slaves, and in modern times some societies still consider them as such.

People captured in warfare were historically considered slaves, and in modern times some societies still consider them as such.

In America, the vast majority of slaves were from the African continent, and many of these had been bought from African tribal leaders. Rather than live as slaves, Native Americans starved themselves to death. Hundreds of thousands of Europeans were taken and made slaves by Muslims after being captured in war between the years of 1500 to 1820.

In America, the vast majority of slaves were from the African continent, and many of these had been bought from African tribal leaders through the process of [[Panyaring]], or manstealing. Rather than live as slaves, Native Americans starved themselves to death. Hundreds of thousands of Europeans were taken and made slaves by Muslims after being captured in war between the years of 1500 to 1820.

Western Christendom abolished slavery in the 19th century; while it has been abolished globally ''de jure'', it still exists in many leftwing Marxist countries and under [[Koran]]ic law in [[Islam]] ''de facto''.  Historians estimate that as many as 18 million Africans were sold into the Islamic slave trade between 650 and 1905.  The last forms of legal slavery were outlawed in 1970 in the Arabian countries, but hidden slavery still exists today in forced prostitution and other industries all over the world.<ref>[http://www.leaderu.com/ftissues/ft9605/articles/gregory.html African Slavery 1996]</ref>

Western Christendom abolished slavery in the 19th century; while it has been abolished globally ''de jure'', it still exists in many leftwing Marxist countries and under [[Koran]]ic law in [[Islam]] ''de facto''.  Historians estimate that as many as 18 million Africans were sold into the Islamic slave trade between 650 and 1905.  The last forms of legal slavery were outlawed in 1970 in the Arabian countries, but hidden slavery still exists today in forced prostitution and other industries all over the world.<ref>[http://www.leaderu.com/ftissues/ft9605/articles/gregory.html African Slavery 1996]</ref>

In 1455, a "papal bull" (formal letter by the [[pope]]) justified a right of Christian nations to enslave any non-Christian in the name of exploration.  The Spanish had already been enslaving South American natives on a limited basis, but with the rise of sugar plantations, the need for a larger slave force arose.  Twelve million African slaves were brought by the Europeans to [[Mexico]], [[Peru]], the [[Caribbean]] and [[Brazil]].  The demand for sugar was exploding throughout the entire western world.  Soon France, the Netherlands and Britain were also establishing profitable sugar plantations in the new world.  The plantation system began in Brazil, where rich white [[plantation]] owners were the highest rung in the social hierarchy and black slaves were at the bottom.  Obviously, life on a sugar plantation was very hard work for a slave; most died in less than 10 years, and had to be replaced.   

In 1455, a "papal bull" (formal letter by the [[pope]]) justified a right of Christian nations to enslave any non-Christian in the name of exploration.  The Spanish had already been enslaving South American natives on a limited basis, but with the rise of sugar plantations, the need for a larger slave force arose.  Twelve million African slaves were brought by the Europeans to [[Mexico]], [[Peru]], the [[Caribbean]] and [[Brazil]].  The demand for sugar was exploding throughout the entire western world.  Soon France, the Netherlands and Britain were also establishing profitable sugar plantations in the new world.  The plantation system began in Brazil, where rich white [[plantation]] owners were the highest rung in the social hierarchy and black slaves were at the bottom.  Obviously, life on a sugar plantation was very hard work for a slave; most died in less than 10 years, and had to be replaced.   

European traders encouraged Africans to trade slaves with them.  The [[Trans-Atlantic slave trade]] became a booming business for Europeans and Africans alike, in which African rulers sold prisoners of war and even their people to Europeans for goods such as iron, alcohol, tobacco and most importantly, guns.  Trans-Atlantic trade led to the degrading use of "chattel" slaves, whereby the slaves were treated purely as property of the owner, much as slaves had been considered in ancient Greece and Rome.  The slaves served as sailors, skilled craftsmen or farmers.  The journey across the Atlantic, known as the [[Middle Passage]], led to the death of 10-20% of the African slaves.  But an even higher percentage lost their lives in the journey from their homes in Africa to the African coast, where they were to board the slave ships.  

European traders encouraged Africans to trade slaves with them.  The [[Trans-Atlantic slave trade]] became a booming business for Europeans and Africans alike, in which African rulers [[Panyaring|Panyarred]] prisoners of war and even their people to Europeans for goods such as iron, alcohol, tobacco and most importantly, guns.  Trans-Atlantic trade led to the degrading use of "chattel" slaves, whereby the slaves were treated purely as property of the owner, much as slaves had been considered in ancient Greece and Rome.  The slaves served as sailors, skilled craftsmen or farmers.  The journey across the Atlantic, known as the [[Middle Passage]], led to the death of 10-20% of the African slaves.  But an even higher percentage lost their lives in the journey from their homes in Africa to the African coast, where they were to board the slave ships.  

* After kidnapping potential slaves, merchants forced them to walk in slave caravans to the European coastal forts, sometimes as far as 1,000 miles. Shackled and underfed, only half the people survived these death marches. [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1narr4.html]

* After kidnapping potential slaves, merchants forced them to walk in slave caravans to the European coastal forts, sometimes as far as 1,000 miles. Shackled and underfed, only half the people survived these death marches. [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1narr4.html]