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→Controversy and criticism: fixed ref.
Such charges are due in part to the tendency of Scientology to engage in intimidation and unethical or unlawful practices against those who have criticized or publicly opposed it, from former members, to national publications, to the [[United States]] government. This has resulted in Scientology being termed a "religious mafia", and "a commercial enterprise that masquerades as a religion."<ref>Multiple references:
Such charges are due in part to the tendency of Scientology to engage in intimidation and unethical or unlawful practices against those who have criticized or publicly opposed it, from former members, to national publications, to the [[United States]] government. This has resulted in Scientology being termed a "religious mafia", and "a commercial enterprise that masquerades as a religion."<ref>Multiple references:
*[http://www.apologeticsindex.org/s04.html ApologeticsIndex website/Church of Scientology: Research resources, News, and News Archive]
*[http://www.apologeticsindex.org/s04.html ApologeticsIndex website/Church of Scientology: Research resources, News, and News Archive]
*cf. Methvin, Eugene M. (October 1981). [http://www.lermanet.com/scientologynews/ReadersDigest2.htm "Scientology: the sickness spreads"]. ''Reader's Digest'', reprint, p. 2. Republished at Lermanet.com: Exposing the Con website/The News Archives.</ref> In response to journalist Paulette Cooper's 1972 book, ''The Scandal of Scientology'',<ref>Cooper, Paulette (1972). [http://www.xenu.net/archive/books/tsos/sos.html ''The Scandal of Scientology''] (New York, NY: Tower). Republished at Operation Clambake website/Scientology booklist.</ref> Scientology launched 19 lawsuits against her,<ref>Cooper, Paulette (2007). [http://www.paulettecooper.com/scandal.html "The scandal behind ''The Scandal of Scientology''"], 2013 ed. Paulette Cooper website.</ref> contrived a false bomb threat made in her name, and planned and implemented various other attempts over the course of almost 15 years. A strategy called Operation Freakout sought "To get P.C incarcerated in a mental institution or jail, or at least to hit her so hard that she drops her attacks."<ref>Multiple references:
*cf. Methvin, Eugene M. (October 1981). [http://www.lermanet.com/scientologynews/ReadersDigest2.htm "Scientology: the sickness spreads"]. ''Reader's Digest'', reprint, p. 2. Republished at Lermanet.com: Exposing the Con website/The News Archives.</ref> In response to journalist Paulette Cooper's 1972 book, ''The Scandal of Scientology'',<ref>Cooper, Paulette (1972). [http://www.xenu.net/archive/books/tsos/sos.html ''The Scandal of Scientology''] (New York, NY: Tower). Republished at Operation Clambake website/Scientology booklist, November 28, 1997. Mirrored at http://www.xenu.net</ref> Scientology launched 19 lawsuits against her,<ref>Cooper, Paulette (2007). [http://www.paulettecooper.com/scandal.html "The scandal behind ''The Scandal of Scientology''"], 2013 ed. Paulette Cooper website.</ref> contrived a false bomb threat made in her name, and planned and implemented various other attempts over the course of almost 15 years. A strategy called Operation Freakout sought "To get P.C incarcerated in a mental institution or jail, or at least to hit her so hard that she drops her attacks."<ref>Multiple references:
*[http://www.shipbrook.net/jeff/CoS/docs/pcof1.html "[Transcript of] Operation Freakout [internal document of the Church of Scientology]" matching purported copy of Exhibit 34 of Sentencing memorandum of ''USA v. Jane Kember and Morris Budlong''] (April 1, 1976). Jeff Lee's Homepage website/Scientology/docs. PDF document copy located at [http://www.xenutv.com/blog/what-is-scientology-2/snow-white/snow-white-documents/ "Snow White documents"#USA v Jane Kember and Morris Budlong#Appendices#Exhibit 34"] (December 6, 1980). Mark Bunker's Xenu TV website/What is Scientology/Operation Snow White/Snow White documents
*[http://www.shipbrook.net/jeff/CoS/docs/pcof1.html "[Transcript of] Operation Freakout [internal document of the Church of Scientology]" matching purported copy of Exhibit 34 of Sentencing memorandum of ''USA v. Jane Kember and Morris Budlong''] (April 1, 1976). Jeff Lee's Homepage website/Scientology/docs. PDF document copy located at [http://www.xenutv.com/blog/what-is-scientology-2/snow-white/snow-white-documents/ "Snow White documents"#USA v Jane Kember and Morris Budlong#Appendices#Exhibit 34"] (December 6, 1980). Mark Bunker's Xenu TV website/What is Scientology/Operation Snow White/Snow White documents
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20010228062100/http://holysmoke.org/pc/freako.htm "Operation Freakout [eight internal documents of the Church of Scientology Guardian Office'] (1976). JPG document copies republished at Holysmoke.org website/Paulette Cooper as "Scientology's® assault of Paulette Cooper: Operation Freakout" (documents marked zero through seven) (before August 15, 2000). Retrieved from February 28, 2001 archive at Internet Archive.</ref>
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20010228062100/http://holysmoke.org/pc/freako.htm "Operation Freakout [eight internal documents of the Church of Scientology Guardian Office'] (1976). JPG document copies republished at Holysmoke.org website/Paulette Cooper as "Scientology's® assault of Paulette Cooper: Operation Freakout" (documents marked zero through seven) (before August 15, 2000). Retrieved from February 28, 2001 archive at Internet Archive.</ref>