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→Controversy and criticism: fixed refs
*Branch, Rick (1997). [http://www.watchman.org/articles/scientology/scientology_a-history-of-terror-and-abuse "Scientology: A history of terror and abuse"]. ''The Watchman Expositor'', vol. 14, no. 5. Republished at Watchman Fellowship website.
*Branch, Rick (1997). [http://www.watchman.org/articles/scientology/scientology_a-history-of-terror-and-abuse "Scientology: A history of terror and abuse"]. ''The Watchman Expositor'', vol. 14, no. 5. Republished at Watchman Fellowship website.
*Sappell, Joel and Welkos, Robert W. (June 24, 1990). [http://www.believersweb.org/view.cfm?ID=607 "An exhaustive information source on Scientology: The mind behind the religion"]. ''Los Angeles Times'', p. A1. Republished at Believer's Web website on April 25, 2003.
*Sappell, Joel and Welkos, Robert W. (June 24, 1990). [http://www.believersweb.org/view.cfm?ID=607 "An exhaustive information source on Scientology: The mind behind the religion"]. ''Los Angeles Times'', p. A1. Republished at Believer's Web website on April 25, 2003.
*Morgan, Lucy and Tobin, Thomas C. (December 23, 1997). "Scientology sponsored suit against opponent". ''St. Petersburg Times'' [USA]. Republished with commentary by Kisser, Cynthia (Dec. 1997-Jan. 1998) in [http://www.apologeticsindex.org/cpoint7-1.html "Cynthia Kisser responds to Scientology Church's disinformation"] at [http://www.apologeticsindex.org/counterpoint.html ApologeticsIndex website/''Counter''Point#Scientology]. Also indexed at [http://www.apologeticsindex.org/s04.html "Table of contents: 'News, News archive and News Background Information'"] ApologeticsIndex website/Church of Scientology/Table of Contents.
*Morgan, Lucy and Tobin, Thomas C. (December 23, 1997). "Scientology sponsored suit against opponent". ''St. Petersburg Times'' [USA]. Republished with commentary by Kisser, Cynthia (Dec. 1997-Jan. 1998) in [http://www.apologeticsindex.org/cpoint7-1.html "Cynthia Kisser responds to Scientology Church's disinformation"] at [http://www.apologeticsindex.org/counterpoint.html ApologeticsIndex website/''Counter''Point#Scientology].
*[http://www.xenu.net Operation Clambake website].</ref> Scientology is classified as a cult by the governments of France and Germany.
*[http://www.xenu.net Operation Clambake website].</ref> Scientology is classified as a cult by the governments of France and Germany.
Such charges are due in part to the tendency of Scientology to engage in intimidation and unethical or unlawful practices against those who have criticized or publicly opposed it, from former members, to national publications, to the [[United States]] government. This has resulted in Scientology being termed a "religious mafia", and "a commercial enterprise that masquerades as a religion."<ref>Multiple references:
Such charges are due in part to the tendency of Scientology to engage in intimidation and unethical or unlawful practices against those who have criticized or publicly opposed it, from former members, to national publications, to the [[United States]] government. This has resulted in Scientology being termed a "religious mafia", and "a commercial enterprise that masquerades as a religion."<ref>Multiple references:
*[http://www.apologeticsindex.org/s04.html ApologeticsIndex website/Church of Scientology: Research resources, News, and News Archive]
*[http://www.apologeticsindex.org/s04.html "Table of Contents"]. ApologeticsIndex website/Church of Scientology: Table of contents: News, News Archive and News Background Information"
*cf. Methvin, Eugene M. (October 1981). [http://www.lermanet.com/scientologynews/ReadersDigest2.htm "Scientology: the sickness spreads"]. ''Reader's Digest'', reprint, p. 2. Republished at Lermanet.com: Exposing the Con website/The News Archives.</ref> In response to journalist Paulette Cooper's 1972 book, ''The Scandal of Scientology'',<ref>Cooper, Paulette (1972). [http://www.xenu.net/archive/books/tsos/sos.html ''The Scandal of Scientology''] (New York, NY: Tower). Republished at Operation Clambake website/Scientology booklist, November 28, 1997. Mirrored at http://www.xenu.net</ref> Scientology launched 19 lawsuits against her,<ref>Cooper, Paulette (2007). [http://www.paulettecooper.com/scandal.html "The scandal behind ''The Scandal of Scientology''"], 2013 ed. Paulette Cooper website.</ref> contrived a false bomb threat made in her name, and planned and implemented various other attempts over the course of almost 15 years. A strategy called Operation Freakout sought "To get P.C incarcerated in a mental institution or jail, or at least to hit her so hard that she drops her attacks."<ref>Multiple references:
*cf. Methvin, Eugene M. (October 1981). [http://www.lermanet.com/scientologynews/ReadersDigest2.htm "Scientology: the sickness spreads"]. ''Reader's Digest'', reprint, p. 2. Republished at Lermanet.com: Exposing the Con website/The News Archives.</ref> In response to journalist Paulette Cooper's 1972 book, ''The Scandal of Scientology'',<ref>Cooper, Paulette (1972). [http://www.xenu.net/archive/books/tsos/sos.html ''The Scandal of Scientology''] (New York, NY: Tower). Republished at Operation Clambake website/Scientology booklist, November 28, 1997. Mirrored at http://www.xenu.net</ref> Scientology launched 19 lawsuits against her,<ref>Cooper, Paulette (2007). [http://www.paulettecooper.com/scandal.html "The scandal behind ''The Scandal of Scientology''"], 2013 ed. Paulette Cooper website.</ref> contrived a false bomb threat made in her name, and planned and implemented various other attempts over the course of almost 15 years. A strategy called Operation Freakout sought "To get P.C incarcerated in a mental institution or jail, or at least to hit her so hard that she drops her attacks."<ref>Multiple references:
*[http://www.shipbrook.net/jeff/CoS/docs/pcof1.html "[Transcript of] Operation Freakout [internal document of the Church of Scientology]" matching purported copy of Exhibit 34 of Sentencing memorandum of ''USA v. Jane Kember and Morris Budlong''] (April 1, 1976). Jeff Lee's Homepage website/Scientology/docs. PDF document copy located at [http://www.xenutv.com/blog/what-is-scientology-2/snow-white/snow-white-documents/ "Snow White documents"#USA v Jane Kember and Morris Budlong#Appendices#Exhibit 34"] (December 6, 1980). Mark Bunker's Xenu TV website/What is Scientology/Operation Snow White/Snow White documents
*[http://www.shipbrook.net/jeff/CoS/docs/pcof1.html "[Transcript of] Operation Freakout [internal document of the Church of Scientology]" matching purported copy of Exhibit 34 of Sentencing memorandum of ''USA v. Jane Kember and Morris Budlong''] (April 1, 1976). Jeff Lee's Homepage website/Scientology/docs. PDF document copy located at [http://www.xenutv.com/blog/what-is-scientology-2/snow-white/snow-white-documents/ "Snow White documents"#USA v Jane Kember and Morris Budlong#Appendices#Exhibit 34"] (December 6, 1980). Mark Bunker's Xenu TV website/What is Scientology/Operation Snow White/Snow White documents