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Mohammad Reza Pahlavi became the [[Shah]] of [[Iran]], after the abdication of his father [[Reza Shah Pahlavi]] in 1941.<ref>Tripartite Treaty of Alliance, 29 January 1942,  Philip W. Ireland, ed., ''The Near East'' (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1942; 2d impression, 1945); also in ''The Middle East'', 1948 (London: Europa Publications, Ltd., 1948), pp. 29-30.</ref>   

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi became the [[Shah]] of [[Iran]], after the abdication of his father [[Reza Shah Pahlavi]] in 1941.<ref>Tripartite Treaty of Alliance, 29 January 1942,  Philip W. Ireland, ed., ''The Near East'' (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1942; 2d impression, 1945); also in ''The Middle East'', 1948 (London: Europa Publications, Ltd., 1948), pp. 29-30.</ref>   

When Hitler reneged on  the[[Molotov-Ribbentrop pact]] and attacked his former ally the [[Soviet Union]], [[Winston Churchill]] flew to [[Moscow]], assured [[Josef Stalin]] of assistance, and the fate of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's father, Reza Shah, was sealed.  A joint Anglo-Soviet military action began on 25 August 1941 when 40,000 Soviet troops entered Iran from the north and headed for [[Tehran]]. On the same day about 19,000 British Commonwealth proxies, mostly in [[Indian]] brigades, entered from various directions. There was slight resistance on the part of Iranian troops, but no force in Iran could have withstood the power of the occupying armies of [[British Empire]] and the [[Soviet Union]].  [[German]] assistance by [[Luftwaffe]] was now as far away as [[Crete]]. On 30 August 1941 identical notes were submitted by the invading powers to the Iranian Government which accepted their terms on 9 September. On 16 September the Reza Shah abdicated in favor of his son, Mohammed Reza Pahlevi, and left the country. The next day Tehran was jointly occupied by the British and Soviet troops without show of [[military]] force.

When Hitler reneged on  the[[Molotov-Ribbentrop pact]] and attacked his former ally the [[Soviet Union]], [[Winston Churchill]] flew to [[Moscow]], assured [[Josef Stalin]] of assistance, and the fate of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's father, Reza Shah, was sealed.  A joint Anglo-Soviet military action began on 25 August 1941 when 40,000 Soviet troops entered Iran from the north and headed for [[Tehran]]. On the same day about 19,000 British Commonwealth proxies, mostly in [[Indian]] brigades, entered from various directions. There was slight resistance on the part of Iranian troops, but no force in Iran could have withstood the power of the occupying armies of the [[British Empire]] and the [[Soviet Union]].  [[German]] assistance by [[Luftwaffe]] was now as far away as [[Crete]]. On 30 August 1941 identical notes were submitted by the invading powers to the Iranian Government which accepted their terms on 9 September. On 16 September the Reza Shah abdicated in favor of his son, Mohammed Reza Pahlevi, and left the country. The next day Tehran was jointly occupied by the British and Soviet troops without show of [[military]] force.

The terms imposed by [[Tri-Partite Treaty]] of alliance signed on 29 January 1942 disavowed any designs against the territorial integrity of Iran. Iran agreed to refrain from any act contrary to British or Soviet interests.<ref>[http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/wwii/persian/chapter01.htm#b2 United States Army in World War II], The Middle East Theater The Persian Corridor and Aid to Russia, T. H. Vail Motter, Center of Military History United States Army Washington, D.C., 2000.  Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 52-60791. First Printed 1952-CMH Pub 8-1.</ref> The wartime [[Casablanca Conference]], [[Cairo Conference]], and [[Tehran Conference]] were symbolic of failed German designs upon [[North Africa]] and the [[Middle East]].

The terms imposed by [[Tri-Partite Treaty]] of alliance signed on 29 January 1942 disavowed any designs against the territorial integrity of Iran. Iran agreed to refrain from any act contrary to British or Soviet interests.<ref>[http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/wwii/persian/chapter01.htm#b2 United States Army in World War II], The Middle East Theater The Persian Corridor and Aid to Russia, T. H. Vail Motter, Center of Military History United States Army Washington, D.C., 2000.  Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 52-60791. First Printed 1952-CMH Pub 8-1.</ref> The wartime [[Casablanca Conference]], [[Cairo Conference]], and [[Tehran Conference]] were symbolic of failed German designs upon [[North Africa]] and the [[Middle East]].