Changes

'''Akram Zuaiter''' (Zu'aiter / Zu'aytir) [أكرم أبو زعيتر‎‎  (זועייתר) אכרם זועיתר] (1909 Nablus - 1996).

'''Akram Zuaiter''' (Zu'aiter / Zu'aytir) [أكرم أبو زعيتر‎‎  (זועייתר) אכרם זועיתר] (1909 Nablus - 1996). [[Islam]]ic educator, agitator.  

[[File:Akram-Zuaiter.jpg|right]]

[[File:Akram-Zuaiter.jpg|right]]

* 1932: active in journalism with Al Shanti and Istiqlal party.  

* 1932: active in journalism with Al Shanti and Istiqlal party.  

* 1933: at pro [[Fascism]] leaning group foundation in Syria <i>'Usbat al-Amal al-Qawmi</i> (The Society of the League of National Action <font size=1>[جماعة عصبة الأمل القومي]</font>).<ref>Erlich, Haggai. The Middle East Between the World Wars. Israel: Open University, 1992., [https://books.google.com/books?id=lGZeYnoTp0gC&pg=PA210 p.210].<blockquote><font size=1>

* 1933: at pro [[Fascism]] leaning group foundation in Syria <i>'Usbat al-Amal al-Qawmi</i> (The Society of the League of National Action <small>[جماعة عصبة الأمل القومي]</small>).<ref>Erlich, Haggai. The Middle East Between the World Wars. Israel: Open University, 1992., [https://books.google.com/books?id=lGZeYnoTp0gC&pg=PA210 p.210].<blockquote><small>

The British consul in Damascus reported on the establishment of "'Usbat al-Amal al-Qawmi" on 30.9.33:

The British consul in Damascus reported on the establishment of "'Usbat al-Amal al-Qawmi" on 30.9.33:

The young Syrians, who organized themselves in a party called the National Action League ('Usbat al-Amal al-Qawmi ), gathered towards the end of August in the village of Karnil in Lebanon.

The young Syrians, who organized themselves in a party called the National Action League ('Usbat al-Amal al-Qawmi ), gathered towards the end of August in the village of Karnil in Lebanon.

  The conference was attended by representatives from Palestine, led by Akram Zuaitar, and Iraq, led by Naji Maruf.  Representatives did participate ... the organization carries the seeds of a Syrian fascist party, seeds that may germinate and blossom if the current government fails in negotiations with the Mandatory Power.</font></blockquote></ref><ref>Hamdi, Walid M. S.. Rashid Ali Al-Gailani and the Nationalist Movement in Iraq 1939-1941: A Political and Military Study of the British Campaign in Iraq and the National Revolution of May 1941. United Kingdom: Darf, 1987. p.68.</ref>

  The conference was attended by representatives from Palestine, led by Akram Zuaitar, and Iraq, led by Naji Maruf.  Representatives did participate ... the organization carries the seeds of a Syrian fascist party, seeds that may germinate and blossom if the current government fails in negotiations with the Mandatory Power.</small></blockquote></ref><ref>Hamdi, Walid M. S.. Rashid Ali Al-Gailani and the Nationalist Movement in Iraq 1939-1941: A Political and Military Study of the British Campaign in Iraq and the National Revolution of May 1941. United Kingdom: Darf, 1987. p.68.</ref>

* 1933-35 - appointed a teacher at Dar Al-Mu'allamin (Teacher College) in Baghdad, instilled Anti-Semitism there,<ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/hbkr/1935/11/13/01/article/35/ ⁨⁨ha-boker⁩ - ⁨הבקר⁩, 13 November 1935].<blockquote><font size=1>

* 1933-35 - appointed a teacher at Dar Al-Mu'allamin (Teacher College) in Baghdad, instilled Anti-Semitism there,<ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/hbkr/1935/11/13/01/article/35/ ⁨⁨ha-boker⁩ - ⁨הבקר⁩, 13 November 1935].<blockquote><small>

Akram Zuaiter protests

Akram Zuaiter protests.

Akram Zuaiter, the extreme nationalist known for the anti-Jewish propaganda he conducted while he was a teacher in Baghdad, published a scathing op-ed in the Arab newspaper a declaration in which he condemns the Arab leaders who rejected the strike announcement as "slaves who only care about their honor and their private affairs."  Akram Zuaiter calls on the national youth to shake off the decisions of the leaders, and to conquer the field of nationalism for themselves without considering the obstacles that the "slaves" (ie: the leaders) will put in their way.

Akram Zuaiter, the extreme nationalist known for the anti-Jewish propaganda he conducted while he was a teacher in Baghdad, published a scathing op-ed in the Arab newspaper a declaration in which he condemns the Arab leaders who rejected the strike announcement as "slaves who only care about their honor and their private affairs."  Akram Zuaiter calls on the national youth to shake off the decisions of the leaders, and to conquer the field of nationalism for themselves without considering the obstacles that the "slaves" (ie: the leaders) will put in their way.

אכרם זעיתר, הלאומי הקיצוני הידוע בתעמולה האנטי־יהודית שניהל בשעה שהיה מורה בבגדד, פרסם בעתונית הערבית קול־קורא חריף שבו היא מגנה את המנהיגים הערבים שדחו את הכרזת השביתה כ"עבדים הדואגים רק לכבודם ולעניניהם הפרטיים". אכרם זועיתר קורא לנוער הלאומי שינער את חצנו מהחלטות המנהיגים, ושיכבוש לעצמו את שדה הלאומיות מבלי התחשב במכשולים ש"העבדים" (קרי: המנהיגים) ישימו על דרכו.

אכרם זעיתר, הלאומי הקיצוני הידוע בתעמולה האנטי־יהודית שניהל בשעה שהיה מורה בבגדד, פרסם בעתונית הערבית קול־קורא חריף שבו היא מגנה את המנהיגים הערבים שדחו את הכרזת השביתה כ"עבדים הדואגים רק לכבודם ולעניניהם הפרטיים". אכרם זועיתר קורא לנוער הלאומי שינער את חצנו מהחלטות המנהיגים, ושיכבוש לעצמו את שדה הלאומיות מבלי התחשב במכשולים ש"העבדים" (קרי: המנהיגים) ישימו על דרכו.

</font></blockquote></ref> then returned to Palestine.

</small></blockquote></ref> then returned to Palestine.

 

 

 

[[File:Arab riots Mandatory-Palestine 1936-9.jpg|right|thumb|Arab riots in Mandatory Palestine E.Y, 1936+]]

[[File:Arab riots Mandatory-Palestine 1936-9.jpg|right|thumb|Arab riots in Mandatory Palestine E.Y, 1936+]]

* 1936: agitates at riots in Mandatory [[Palestine]] with the Mufti,<ref>Habas, Bracha. The book of the events of 1936 [Sefer ne'oraot Tartzav]. Tel-Aviv: Davar, 1936, [https://books.google.com/books?id=j2IBAAAAMAAJ&q=%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%A8%20%22%22 p. 80].<blockquote>

* 1936: agitates at riots in Mandatory [[Palestine]] with the Mufti,<ref>Habas, Bracha. The book of the events of 1936 [Sefer ne'oraot Tartzav]. Tel-Aviv: Davar, 1936, [https://books.google.com/books?id=j2IBAAAAMAAJ&q=%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%A8%20%22%22 p. 80].<blockquote>

(11.5)

(11.5)

* 1937-8 fled to [[Iraq]], with the [[Grand Mufti of Jerusalem |Mufti]] and with [[Darwish Al-Miqdadi |Darwish al-Mikdadi]] instigating hatred in [[Iraq]]. Culminating in the infamous ''Farhoud''.<ref>Ben-Jacob, Abraham. A history of the Jews in Iraq : From the end of the Gaonic period [1038 C.e.] to the present time [Yehudei Bavel: mi-sof tkufat ha-ge'onim 'ad yamenu : 1038-1960]. Israel: Kiryat Sefer, 1979. [https://books.google.com/books?id=jwBXAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9A+%D7%98%D7%91%D7%97%22 pp.249-52].

* 1937-8 fled to [[Iraq]], with the [[Grand Mufti of Jerusalem |Mufti]] and with [[Darwish Al-Miqdadi |Darwish al-Mikdadi]] instigating hatred in [[Iraq]]. Culminating in the infamous ''Farhoud''.<ref>Ben-Jacob, Abraham. A history of the Jews in Iraq : From the end of the Gaonic period [1038 C.e.] to the present time [Yehudei Bavel: mi-sof tkufat ha-ge'onim 'ad yamenu : 1038-1960]. Israel: Kiryat Sefer, 1979. [https://books.google.com/books?id=jwBXAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9A+%D7%98%D7%91%D7%97%22 pp.249-52].

<blockquote><font size=1>

<blockquote><small>

In the year 5696 (c. 1936), the riots broke out in the Land of Israel. Every minor agitation and every exaggerated news that reached Iraq by the Arab newspapers from the Land of Israel made wings to the detriment of the Jews there. From the day the riots began in Israel, Iraqi Jews avoided walking in the streets in the evening, even in the Jewish neighborhoods.  Every Jewish institution and Jewish club was seen by the Arabs as "Zionist" and therefore it was permissible to burn and destroy it.  The war against Zionism was officially waged.

In the year 5696 (c. 1936), the riots broke out in the Land of Israel. Every minor agitation and every exaggerated news that reached Iraq by the Arab newspapers from the Land of Israel made wings to the detriment of the Jews there. From the day the riots began in Israel, Iraqi Jews avoided walking in the streets in the evening, even in the Jewish neighborhoods.  Every Jewish institution and Jewish club was seen by the Arabs as "Zionist" and therefore it was permissible to burn and destroy it.  The war against Zionism was officially waged.

Systematically and persistently, the Ministry of Education in Iraq filled the government schools with national Arab teachers from Israel, who incited the Arab youth to hate Israel and Zionism by all the means at their disposal - orally, in writing, and in the study books they authored. The mufti of Jerusalem Haj Amin al-Husseini; the radio, the newspaper and the book in Iraq - they were all directed against the Jews and Zionism alike.

Systematically and persistently, the Ministry of Education in Iraq filled the government schools with national Arab teachers from Israel, who incited the Arab youth to hate Israel and Zionism by all the means at their disposal - orally, in writing, and in the study books they authored. The mufti of Jerusalem Haj Amin al-Husseini; the radio, the newspaper and the book in Iraq - they were all directed against the Jews and Zionism alike.

One of the representatives of the provisional government spoke on the radio on Shabbat, the eve of Shavuot, and announced that the next day (Sunday, 6 Sivan 5701) a legal government would be established and the blackout in the city would be abolished.

One of the representatives of the provisional government spoke on the radio on Shabbat, the eve of Shavuot, and announced that the next day (Sunday, 6 Sivan 5701) a legal government would be established and the blackout in the city would be abolished.

The Jews believed in these promises and breathed a sigh of relief.  The masses who were preparing to plunder and rob the Jews were disappointed by this news, regretted the fall of Rashid Ali and were angry with the Jews who were looking forward with joy to the pro-British rule of the curate Abd al-Ila.

The Jews believed in these promises and breathed a sigh of relief.  The masses who were preparing to plunder and rob the Jews were disappointed by this news, regretted the fall of Rashid Ali and were angry with the Jews who were looking forward with joy to the pro-British rule of the curate Abd al-Ila.

  Many Iraqi soldiers and officers, who fled the battlefield, walked the streets disgruntled and hungry with weapons in hand.  The curfew entered the palace of Sad al-Karrah, which is located a few kilometers from Baghdad, at noon on May 30.  On that day, Younis A-Sabawi declared himself the military governor of the country.  A special security committee headed by Mayor Arshad Al-Omari and the Chief of Police signed a cease-fire agreement on May 31.   

  Many Iraqi soldiers and officers, who fled the battlefield, walked the streets disgruntled and hungry with weapons in hand.  The curfew entered the palace of Sad al-Karrah, which is located a few kilometers from Baghdad, at noon on May 30.  On that day, Younis A-Sabawi declared himself the military governor of the country.  A special security committee headed by Mayor Arshad Al-Omari and the Chief of Police signed a cease-fire agreement on May 31.   

[[Yunis al-Sabawi|Yunis A. Sabawi]] invited the head of the Jewish community in Baghdad to him and demanded that he tell the Jews not to leave their homes for the three days: Saturday, Sunday and Monday, which are the two days of Shavuot.  That morning, Yunis sent a call to the masses through the broadcasting service, to carry out a massacre of the Jews;  However, this call was delayed by the head of the security committee, who was able to ban Yunis A. Sabaowi and transport him across the border.

[[Yunis al-Sabawi|Yunis A. Sabawi]] invited the head of the Jewish community in Baghdad to him and demanded that he tell the Jews not to leave their homes for the three days: Saturday, Sunday and Monday, which are the two days of Shavuot.  That morning, Yunis sent a call to the masses through the broadcasting service, to carry out a massacre of the Jews;  However, this call was delayed by the head of the security committee, who was able to ban Yunis A. Sabaowi and transport him across the border.

The Jews could not defend themselves against the wild crowd equipped with weapons. In individual houses, one Jew who possessed a weapon managed to save their lives. Other Jews, they used cold weapons to kill and be killed. The rest of the Jews got on the roofs of the houses and started running from one house roof to another.

The Jews could not defend themselves against the wild crowd equipped with weapons. In individual houses, one Jew who possessed a weapon managed to save their lives. Other Jews, they used cold weapons to kill and be killed. The rest of the Jews got on the roofs of the houses and started running from one house roof to another.

In the morning of the second day, while riots were raging outside Baghdad, the curfew was busy assembling the new government, and Jamil al-Madfai was appointed prime minister.  At the same time at 10:45 a curfew order was broadcast on the radio.  Around noon, a new Iraqi army entered the city from the north, which had vowed curfew training and was mostly made up of Kurds.  This army was ordered to disperse the rioters.  After a few shots the mob dispersed.  Dozens of rioters were killed.  In the afternoon there was silence in the killing town.</font></blockquote></ref>

In the morning of the second day, while riots were raging outside Baghdad, the curfew was busy assembling the new government, and Jamil al-Madfai was appointed prime minister.  At the same time at 10:45 a curfew order was broadcast on the radio.  Around noon, a new Iraqi army entered the city from the north, which had vowed curfew training and was mostly made up of Kurds.  This army was ordered to disperse the rioters.  After a few shots the mob dispersed.  Dozens of rioters were killed.  In the afternoon there was silence in the killing town.</small></blockquote></ref>

* 1941: With the Axis in [[WW2]],<ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/dav/1946/03/19/01/article/11/ Davar⁩ - ⁨דבר⁩, 19 March 1946].

* 1941: With the Axis in [[WW2]],<ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/dav/1946/03/19/01/article/11/ Davar⁩ - ⁨דבר⁩, 19 March 1946].

According to Radio Damascus, there are other candidates for the resignations, headed by Akram Zuaiter, an extreme nationalist from Nablus, who collaborated with the Nazis in Europe and the Middle East during the war.</small></blockquote></ref> was also with pro-[[Nazi]] Rashid Ali coup.  

According to Radio Damascus, there are other candidates for the resignations, headed by Akram Zuaiter, an extreme nationalist from Nablus, who collaborated with the Nazis in Europe and the Middle East during the war.</small></blockquote></ref> was also with pro-[[Nazi]] Rashid Ali coup.  

* Akram was head of the Arab Section of the Nazi sabotage school in Athens during the war and responsible for briefing Nazi para troops dropped in the Middle East.<ref name=sjn30aug1946/><ref name=yv/>

Akram was head of the Arab Section of the Nazi sabotage school in Athens during the war and responsible for briefing Nazi para troops dropped in the Middle East.<ref name=sjn30aug1946/><ref name=yv/>

* In 1946, it was reported that he was chief assistant to the officer in charge of training the Arabs - Mamdauh el Meidani, who escaped from France with Rashid Ali, the leader of the Iraq Rebellion, and with him sought refuge in Mecca. During the war el Meidani acted as intermediary between pro-Nazi Arabs and Germans.<ref name=sjn30aug1946>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/sydneyjn/1946/08/30/01/article/78 The Sydney Jewish News]⁩, 30 August 1946.<blockquote><small>

* In 1946, it was reported that he was chief assistant to the officer in charge of training the Arabs - Mamdauh el Meidani, who escaped from France with Rashid Ali, the leader of the Iraq Rebellion, and with him sought refuge in Mecca. During the war el Meidani acted as intermediary between pro-Nazi Arabs and Germans.<ref name=sjn30aug1946>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/sydneyjn/1946/08/30/01/article/78 The Sydney Jewish News]⁩, 30 August 1946.<blockquote><small>

Damascus ...

Damascus ...

By order of the Syrian government, Akram Zu'aitar, an Arab from Palestine, of Nazi agents, who had recently returned from exile in Turkey, invited the leaders of the Jewish community in Damascus.  Zua'itar ordered them to visit the members of the Anglo-American Commission of Inquiry when they come to Damascus next week and declare to them that they were happy under Arab rule, but that Zionism was interfering with their happiness and could lead to a disaster.  He was also strictly forbidding them to reveal that he had approached them with this demand.

By order of the Syrian government, Akram Zu'aitar, an Arab from Palestine, of Nazi agents, who had recently returned from exile in Turkey, invited the leaders of the Jewish community in Damascus.  Zua'itar ordered them to visit the members of the Anglo-American Commission of Inquiry when they come to Damascus next week and declare to them that they were happy under Arab rule, but that Zionism was interfering with their happiness and could lead to a disaster.  He was also strictly forbidding them to reveal that he had approached them with this demand.

<font size=1>

<small>

כך מכינים את עדותם של יהודי הארצות הערביות‭...‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

כך מכינים את עדותם של יהודי הארצות הערביות‭...‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

ערבי מארץ־ישראל סוכן נאצי - מלמד יהודי סוריה מה לומר לועדה - מצווה עליהם להודיע כי הם מאושרים תחת שלטון ערבי וכי רק הציונות מפריע לאשרם

ערבי מארץ־ישראל סוכן נאצי - מלמד יהודי סוריה מה לומר לועדה - מצווה עליהם להודיע כי הם מאושרים תחת שלטון ערבי וכי רק הציונות מפריע לאשרם

דמשק 13 (פאלקור)

דמשק 13 (פאלקור)

לפי הוראת הממשלה הסורית הזמין אליו אכרם זועיתר, ערבי ארצישראלי מסוכני הנאצים שחזר לא מכבר מגלות תורכיה, את ראשי העדה היהודית בדמשק. זועיתר ציוה עליהם לבקר אצל חברי ועדת החקירה האנגלו־אמריקאית לכשיבואו לדמשק בשבוע הבא ולהצהיר בפניהם שהם מאושרים תחת השלטון הערבי ואך הציונות מפריעה לאשרם ועלולה להמיט עליהם שואה. כן אסר איסור חמור לגלות כי פנה אליהם בדרישה זו.

לפי הוראת הממשלה הסורית הזמין אליו אכרם זועיתר, ערבי ארצישראלי מסוכני הנאצים שחזר לא מכבר מגלות תורכיה, את ראשי העדה היהודית בדמשק. זועיתר ציוה עליהם לבקר אצל חברי ועדת החקירה האנגלו־אמריקאית לכשיבואו לדמשק בשבוע הבא ולהצהיר בפניהם שהם מאושרים תחת השלטון הערבי ואך הציונות מפריעה לאשרם ועלולה להמיט עליהם שואה. כן אסר איסור חמור לגלות כי פנה אליהם בדרישה זו.

</font></blockquote></ref><ref>Shalem. Israel: Yad Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, 1981. vol.3. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pRZXAAAAMAAJ&q=%22%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99+%D7%91%D7%95%D7%90+%D7%94%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%94,+%D7%94%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94+%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94%22&dq=%22%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99+%D7%91%D7%95%D7%90+%D7%94%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%94,+%D7%94%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94+%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_search&sa=X p.258].

</small></blockquote></ref><ref>Shalem. Israel: Yad Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, 1981. vol.3. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pRZXAAAAMAAJ&q=%22%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99+%D7%91%D7%95%D7%90+%D7%94%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%94,+%D7%94%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94+%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94%22&dq=%22%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99+%D7%91%D7%95%D7%90+%D7%94%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%94,+%D7%94%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94+%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_search&sa=X p.258].

<blockquote>Before the coming of the committee, the Syrian government invited the representatives of Syrian Jewry, and in the presence of Akram Zu'aitar, one of the leaders of the Arabs of Palestine, it was decided for them what they would testify.  In their testimony, which lasted no more than one minute, the members of the delegation said that Syrian Jews are loyal to their homeland, they have nothing to complain about and that they are absolutely opposed to Zionism..</blockquote></ref>

<blockquote>Before the coming of the committee, the Syrian government invited the representatives of Syrian Jewry, and in the presence of Akram Zu'aitar, one of the leaders of the Arabs of Palestine, it was decided for them what they would testify.  In their testimony, which lasted no more than one minute, the members of the delegation said that Syrian Jews are loyal to their homeland, they have nothing to complain about and that they are absolutely opposed to Zionism..</blockquote></ref>

* In 1947, Zuaiter was sent by the Arab League to propagate in [[South America]], together with [[Issa Nakhleh]]<ref name=arablobby-1944-7>[https://muse.jhu.edu/article/742384 The Arab League’s Propaganda Campaign in the U.S. Against the Establishment of a Jewish State - 1944-1947]. Rickenbacher Daniel. Israel Studies. Volume 25, Issue 1. Spring 2020. <blockquote><font size=1>... In 1944, the Arab League started planning a propaganda offensive in Western countries to prevent the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. The League’s focus of attention was the United States, where, members believed, Palestine’s future would eventually be decided and where they deemed it imperative to counter the Zionist campaign. In 1945 and 1946, it opened offices in Washington, D.C. and New York. The efficiency of these offices in undermining support for Zionism in the US was, however, hampered by infighting between Musa Alami, head of the Arab Offices, and the leader of the Palestinian national movement Amin al-Husseini. When the British relegated the Palestine Question to the UN, the Arab League and the Arab Higher Committee (AHC) were therefore ill-prepared to meet the challenge. Omar Haliq, a member of the anti-Zionist Institute of Arab-American Affairs (IAAA), devised a strategy to mobilize Catholic anti-Semitism in Latin America and Europe for their cause. As a result of these recommendations, in April 1947, the AHC sent a team of senior members, many of them experienced in the field of propaganda, to the US. Moreover, a special committee staffed by the Arab representatives at the UN and functionaries of the AHC was set up to organize a propaganda campaign focusing on South America. The strategy, however, was not successful. Most of Latin America and Catholic Europe voted for UN resolution 181 on November 29, 1947, at the UN session in Lake Success...

* In 1947, Zuaiter was sent by the Arab League to propagate in [[South America]], together with [[Issa Nakhleh]]<ref name=arablobby-1944-7>[https://muse.jhu.edu/article/742384 The Arab League’s Propaganda Campaign in the U.S. Against the Establishment of a Jewish State - 1944-1947]. Rickenbacher Daniel. Israel Studies. Volume 25, Issue 1. Spring 2020. <blockquote><small>... In 1944, the Arab League started planning a propaganda offensive in Western countries to prevent the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. The League’s focus of attention was the United States, where, members believed, Palestine’s future would eventually be decided and where they deemed it imperative to counter the Zionist campaign. In 1945 and 1946, it opened offices in Washington, D.C. and New York. The efficiency of these offices in undermining support for Zionism in the US was, however, hampered by infighting between Musa Alami, head of the Arab Offices, and the leader of the Palestinian national movement Amin al-Husseini. When the British relegated the Palestine Question to the UN, the Arab League and the Arab Higher Committee (AHC) were therefore ill-prepared to meet the challenge. Omar Haliq, a member of the anti-Zionist Institute of Arab-American Affairs (IAAA), devised a strategy to mobilize Catholic anti-Semitism in Latin America and Europe for their cause. As a result of these recommendations, in April 1947, the AHC sent a team of senior members, many of them experienced in the field of propaganda, to the US. Moreover, a special committee staffed by the Arab representatives at the UN and functionaries of the AHC was set up to organize a propaganda campaign focusing on South America. The strategy, however, was not successful. Most of Latin America and Catholic Europe voted for UN resolution 181 on November 29, 1947, at the UN session in Lake Success...

The Arab special committee had set aside $25,000 for its campaign in South America. To this purpose, it produced material in the local languages and established an Arab Office in Rio de Janeiro. Issa Nakhla and Akram Zuaiter acted as roving ambassadors in North and South America in 1947. Nakhla had already gathered experience in public diplomacy during his student years in London prior to WWII, where he worked at the Arab propaganda office under Izzat Tannous. Zuaiter was a committed nationalist and militant who had joined the Arab Revolt (1936-39). After fleeing Palestine, he allegedly worked as a liaison for the Mufti with the Germans and was involved in the 1941 pro-Nazi coup of Rashid Ali al-Gaylani in Iraq. The special committee also dispatched two delegations to Latin America, one chaired by Akram Zuaiter and the other by Mustafa Khalidi, a professor at the American University in Beirut. In Brazil, Zuaiter’s delegation attended the Pan-American Conference and met with notable members. They also held a rally for the Arab community in Brazil, where they promised to conserve the Arab character of Palestine.</font></blockquote></ref> ([عيسى نخلة] Nakhleh: another Mufti's associate, of the AHC, later of ''Palestine Arab Delegation'' and Council for the ''Muslim Congress'', glorified Hitler in the early 1950s while there spreading libels in his ''America y Oriente;''<ref>Anti-Jewish Activities in the Argentine, ''Daia'', 1958. [https://www.bjpa.org/content/upload/bjpa/anti/ANTI-JEWISH%20ACTIVITIES%20OF%20THE%20ARABS%20IN%20ARGENTINE%20APRIL%201958.pdf PDF] [https://www.bjpa.org/search-results/publication/18118]. <i>Chapter V The Arab League In Argentina.</i></ref> had corresponded with Canadian Fuhrer Adrien Arcand;<ref>Nadeau, Jean-Francois. The Canadian Fuhrer: The Life of Adrien Arcand. Canada: James Lorimer & Company, 2011, [https://books.google.com/books?id=D630umvXNKoC&pg=PA351 p.351].</ref> had spent most of his career years engaging in hate, Holocaust denial -- publically at least since Nov 1972 at UN<ref>Jewish Observer and Middle East Review, Volume 21, 1972, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4AENAQAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Nazi+extermination%22 p.7].</ref> -- working with neo-Nazis and such.<ref>'Facts,' Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1969, (Vol. 17), [https://books.google.com/books?id=4zxDAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22Nakhleh+has+spoken+before+anti-Jewish+groups+in+the+United+States%22 p. 425].</ref><ref>Extremism on the Right: A Handbook, Anti Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1983, [https://books.google.com/books?id=dyEOAQAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Nakhleh p. 49].</ref><ref>The American Spectator, Vol. 19, Saturday Evening Club, Publisher, American Spectator, 1986, [https://books.google.com/books?id=hPUSAQAAMAAJ&dq=&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Nakhleh p.20].</ref>) "Arab propagandists appealed to anti-Semitic sentiments to raise sympathy for their cause."<ref name=arablobby-1944-7/> In 1956 Zuaiter meets Issa Nakhleh about his propaganda in South America.<ref>Akram Zuaiter's Diary: Hopes for Unity and Pains of Division 1949-1965 (Part One). Akram Zuaiter, Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, 202, p. 284.<blockquote>

The Arab special committee had set aside $25,000 for its campaign in South America. To this purpose, it produced material in the local languages and established an Arab Office in Rio de Janeiro. Issa Nakhla and Akram Zuaiter acted as roving ambassadors in North and South America in 1947. Nakhla had already gathered experience in public diplomacy during his student years in London prior to WWII, where he worked at the Arab propaganda office under Izzat Tannous. Zuaiter was a committed nationalist and militant who had joined the Arab Revolt (1936-39). After fleeing Palestine, he allegedly worked as a liaison for the Mufti with the Germans and was involved in the 1941 pro-Nazi coup of Rashid Ali al-Gaylani in Iraq. The special committee also dispatched two delegations to Latin America, one chaired by Akram Zuaiter and the other by Mustafa Khalidi, a professor at the American University in Beirut. In Brazil, Zuaiter’s delegation attended the Pan-American Conference and met with notable members. They also held a rally for the Arab community in Brazil, where they promised to conserve the Arab character of Palestine.</small></blockquote></ref> ([عيسى نخلة] Nakhleh: another Mufti's associate, of the AHC, later of ''Palestine Arab Delegation'' and Council for the ''Muslim Congress'', glorified Hitler in the early 1950s while there spreading libels in his ''America y Oriente;''<ref>Anti-Jewish Activities in the Argentine, ''Daia'', 1958. [https://www.bjpa.org/content/upload/bjpa/anti/ANTI-JEWISH%20ACTIVITIES%20OF%20THE%20ARABS%20IN%20ARGENTINE%20APRIL%201958.pdf PDF] [https://www.bjpa.org/search-results/publication/18118]. <i>Chapter V The Arab League In Argentina.</i></ref> had corresponded with Canadian Fuhrer Adrien Arcand;<ref>Nadeau, Jean-Francois. The Canadian Fuhrer: The Life of Adrien Arcand. Canada: James Lorimer & Company, 2011, [https://books.google.com/books?id=D630umvXNKoC&pg=PA351 p.351].</ref> had spent most of his career years engaging in hate, Holocaust denial -- publically at least since Nov 1972 at UN<ref>Jewish Observer and Middle East Review, Volume 21, 1972, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4AENAQAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Nazi+extermination%22 p.7].</ref> -- working with neo-Nazis and such.<ref>'Facts,' Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1969, (Vol. 17), [https://books.google.com/books?id=4zxDAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22Nakhleh+has+spoken+before+anti-Jewish+groups+in+the+United+States%22 p. 425].</ref><ref>Extremism on the Right: A Handbook, Anti Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1983, [https://books.google.com/books?id=dyEOAQAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Nakhleh p. 49].</ref><ref>The American Spectator, Vol. 19, Saturday Evening Club, Publisher, American Spectator, 1986, [https://books.google.com/books?id=hPUSAQAAMAAJ&dq=&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Nakhleh p.20].</ref>) "Arab propagandists appealed to anti-Semitic sentiments to raise sympathy for their cause."<ref name=arablobby-1944-7/> In 1956 Zuaiter meets Issa Nakhleh about his propaganda in South America.<ref>Akram Zuaiter's Diary: Hopes for Unity and Pains of Division 1949-1965 (Part One). Akram Zuaiter, Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, 202, p. 284.<blockquote>

  ... And it influenced the situation of other Arab countries, so we came out to the conclusion that Arabism, in its federal sense that aims at the establishment of a single Arab state, is suffering a lot today in Syria, Iraq, Sudan and Egypt, and that the independence of those countries began to crystallize in its fragmented conditions, in a very dangerous way.  4/1/1956 Mr. Issa Nakhla visited me, and told me about the efforts he is making in South America, and about the expatriates’ inaction and negligence.</blockquote></ref>  

  ... And it influenced the situation of other Arab countries, so we came out to the conclusion that Arabism, in its federal sense that aims at the establishment of a single Arab state, is suffering a lot today in Syria, Iraq, Sudan and Egypt, and that the independence of those countries began to crystallize in its fragmented conditions, in a very dangerous way.  4/1/1956 Mr. Issa Nakhla visited me, and told me about the efforts he is making in South America, and about the expatriates’ inaction and negligence.</blockquote></ref>  

{{Cquote|La causa Arabe en Palestina:

{{Cquote|La causa Arabe en Palestina:

Resistiremos Hasa el Ultimo Hombre..

Resistiremos Hasta el Ultimo Hombre..

Habla Dr. Akram Zuayter de la delegación que recorre América.}}

Habla Dr. Akram Zuayter de la delegación que recorre América.}}

El Tiempo (1.15.48).</small></blockquote></ref>

El Tiempo (1.15.48).</small></blockquote></ref>

Zuaiter had various positions by [[Jordan]] and was Sec.-Gen. of the [[Islamic]] Conference which convened in Jerusalem in 1959.<ref>Asian and African Studies: Vol. 10, No. 3. 1975. p.262</ref> At the time under [[Jordan]]ian occupation.  

Zuaiter had various positions by [[Jordan]] and was Sec.-Gen. of the [[Islamic]] Conference which convened in Jerusalem in 1959.<ref>Asian and African Studies: Vol. 10, No. 3. 1975. p.262</ref> At the time under [[Jordan]]ian occupation.

==1937 Bloudan Conference==

==1937 Bloudan Conference==