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==The Netherlands in the Holocaust==

==The Netherlands in the Holocaust==

The Netherlands in the [[Holocaust]] is widely documented that approximately 75% of Dutch Jews perished during the Holocaust. While the Dutch government and much of the public initially opposed the Nazi occupation, the Dutch police and civil service eventually collaborated with the German occupying forces' persecution of Jews.  

The Netherlands in the [[Holocaust]] is widely documented that approximately 75% of Dutch Jews perished during the Holocaust. The Dutch Queen's consort Bertrand, who married Queen Juliana of the Netherlands in 1937, was an early member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP)<ref>https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2023/10/04/huisarchivaris-van-de-oranjes-voor-mij-is-wilhelmina-door-de-mand-gevallen-door-hoe-ze-haar-hofhouding-behandelde-a4176195</ref> as well as the brown shirts or [[Sturmabteilung]] (SA), and served as an officer in the [[Schutzstaffel]] (SS). While the Dutch government and much of the public initially opposed the Nazi occupation, the Dutch police and civil service eventually collaborated with the German occupying forces' persecution of Jews.  

A significant act of resistance was the February Strike of 1941 in Amsterdam, organized by the Communist Party in protest of the first mass arrests and deportation of Jews to concentration camps. The strike was violently suppressed by the Nazis, who subsequently imposed stricter measures and replaced Dutch officials in key positions to solidify their control and ensure the efficient implementation of anti-Jewish policies.  

A significant act of resistance was the February Strike of 1941 in Amsterdam, organized by the [[Communist Party]] in protest of the first mass arrests and deportation of Jews to [[concentration camp]]s. The strike was [[violent]]ly suppressed by the Nazis, who subsequently imposed stricter measures and replaced Dutch officials in key positions to solidify their control and ensure the efficient implementation of anti-Jewish policies.  

Factors contributing to the high death toll in the Netherlands include:

Factors contributing to the high death toll in the Netherlands include:

The effective and comprehensive Dutch civil administration, which had meticulously maintained population and address records that the Nazis exploited to identify Jewish citizens.

The effective and comprehensive Dutch civil administration, which had meticulously maintained population and address records that the Nazis exploited to identify Jewish citizens.

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<blockquote><small>

Amid rising antisemitism around the world and 80 years after the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Simon Schama traces the historical road of horror that culminated in the death camps. From Lithuania to Poland, the Netherlands and, finally, Auschwitz, Schama confronts the enormity of the Holocaust as both historian and 80-year-old Jew, to understand how it happened and in the hopes of never again.</small></blockquote></ref>

Amid rising antisemitism around the world and 80 years after the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Simon Schama traces the historical road of horror that culminated in the death camps. From Lithuania to Poland, the Netherlands and, finally, Auschwitz, Schama confronts the enormity of the Holocaust as both historian and 80-year-old Jew, to understand how it happened and in the hopes of never again.</small></blockquote></ref>

==[[Amsterdam Pogrom by Arab Muslims (2024)]]==

==[[Amsterdam Pogrom by Arab Muslims (2024)]]==