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==="The Thirty-Year Genocide" (1894–1924)===

==="The Thirty-Year Genocide" (1894–1924)===

"The Thirty-Year Genocide" (1894–1924)

"The Thirty-Year [[Genocide]]" (1894–1924)

refers to a continuous, calculated campaign by the Ottoman Empire and Turkish nationalists to eradicate Anatolia's Christian minorities. The Christian population plummeted from roughly 20% to just 2%, resulting in the deaths of approximately two to three million [[Armenians]], [[Greeks]], and [[Assyrians]].

refers to a continuous, calculated campaign by the Ottoman Empire and Turkish nationalists to eradicate Anatolia's Christian minorities. The Christian population plummeted from roughly 20% to just 2%, resulting in the deaths of approximately two to three million [[Armenians]], [[Greeks]], and [[Assyrians]].

Historians Benny Morris and Dror Ze'evi popularized this framing in their book, The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey's Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924, published by Harvard University Press.

Historians Benny Morris and Dror Ze'evi popularized this framing in their book, '"The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey's Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924'', published by Harvard University Press.

The genocide occurred in three distinct waves across three different political regimes:

The genocide occurred in three distinct waves across three different political regimes:

* The Hamidian Massacres (1894–1896): Initiated by Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid II, resulting in up to 200,000 Armenian deaths.

* The Hamidian Massacres (1894–1896): Initiated by Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid II, resulting in up to 200,000 Armenian deaths.

* The World War I Genocide (1915–1916): Led by the Young Turks (CUP), featuring mass deportations, death marches to the Syrian desert, and systemic slaughter.

 

*The Post-WWI Campaigns (1919–1924): Continued under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, culminating in the violent expulsion or massacre of the remaining Armenians and Greeks.Methods of destruction included premeditated mass killing, homicidal deportations, mass rape, and the forced Islamization of women and children. While most historical accounts categorize these atrocities as separate conflicts, Morris and Ze'evi argue that successive Turkish governments shared a constant, unwavering goal: ethnoreligious homogenization to create an exclusively Muslim nation.

* The [[World War I]] Genocide (1915–1916): Led by the Young Turks (CUP), featuring mass deportations, death marches to the Syrian desert, and systemic slaughter.

 

* The Post-WWI Campaigns (1919–1924): Continued under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, culminating in the violent expulsion or massacre of the remaining Armenians and Greeks.Methods of destruction included premeditated mass killing, homicidal deportations, mass rape, and the forced Islamization of women and children. While most historical accounts categorize these atrocities as separate conflicts, Morris and Ze'evi argue that successive Turkish governments shared a constant, unwavering goal: ethnoreligious homogenization to create an exclusively Muslim nation.

Toll:

Toll:

<blockquote>The preceding assessments suggest that the Turks and their helpers murdered, straightforwardly or indirectly through privation and disease, between 1.5 and 2.5 million Christians between 1894 and 1924<ref>Morris, B., Zeʼevi, D. (2019). ''The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey’s Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924''. United Kingdom: Harvard University Press, p.[https://books.google.com/books?id=THSPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA488 488] [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-36753-3_13]</ref></blockquote>

<blockquote>The preceding assessments suggest that the Turks and their helpers murdered, straightforwardly or indirectly through privation and disease, between 1.5 and 2.5 million Christians between 1894 and 1924.<ref>Morris, B., Zeʼevi, D. (2019). ''The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey’s Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924''. United Kingdom: Harvard University Press, p.[https://books.google.com/books?id=THSPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA488 488] [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-36753-3_13]</ref></blockquote>

It was also a [[Jihad]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=THSPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA488&dq=%22jihad&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Jihad%22&f=false jihad]</ref>

It was also a [[Jihad]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=THSPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA488&dq=%22jihad&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Jihad%22&f=false jihad]</ref>