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Hungarians and [[Gypsies|Roma]] are the principal minorities, with a declining German population and smaller numbers of Serbs, Croats, Ukrainians, Greeks, Turks, Armenians, Great Russians, and others. Minority populations are greatest in [[Transylvania]] and the Banat, areas in the north and west, which belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire until World War I. Even before union with Romania, ethnic Romanians comprised the overall majority in Transylvania. However, ethnic Hungarians and Germans were the dominant urban population until relatively recently, and ethnic Hungarians still are the majority in a few districts.
Hungarians and [[Gypsies|Roma]] are the principal minorities, with a declining German population and smaller numbers of Serbs, Croats, Ukrainians, Greeks, Turks, Armenians, Great Russians, and others. Minority populations are greatest in [[Transylvania]] and the Banat, areas in the north and west, which belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire until World War I. Even before union with Romania, ethnic Romanians comprised the overall majority in Transylvania. However, ethnic Hungarians and Germans were the dominant urban population until relatively recently, and ethnic Hungarians still are the majority in a few districts.
*Population: 21.6 million (December 2006), 19.0 million (January 2026)<ref>[https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/poprez_ian2026r.pdf "Populația rezidentă la 1 ianuarie 2026 în scădere, iar soldul migrației internaționale pozitiv în anul 2025"] (August 28, 2026). ''Romania National Institute of Statistics''.</ref>
*Population: 21.6 million (December 2006), 19.0 million (January 2026)<ref>[https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/poprez_ian2026r.pdf "Populația rezidentă la 1 ianuarie 2026 în scădere, iar soldul migrației internaționale pozitiv în anul 2025"] (August 28, 2026). ''Press Communicat'', Romania National Institute of Statistics, No. 212 (2026 series).</ref>
*Annual population growth rate: -0.3%.
*Annual population growth rate: -0.3%.
*Ethnic groups: Romanians 89%, Hungarians 7.1%, Germans 0.5%, Ukrainians, Serbs, Croats, Russians, Turks, and Roma 2.5%.
*Ethnic groups: Romanians 89%, Hungarians 7.1%, Germans 0.5%, Ukrainians, Serbs, Croats, Russians, Turks, and Roma 2.5%.