Changes

The first Dutch settlers arrived in Manhattan in 1624, naming the town New Amsterdam.  Indian claims were bought out for the equivalent of $24.  The Dutch sent settlers up the Hudson River (which is easily navigable by sailing vessels) to Albany. The Dutch colony, named New Amsterdam, was run in an autocratic fashion by Governor Peter Stuyvesant.  It soon had a [[cosmopolitan]] flavor, with freedom of religion and numerous ethnic and religious groups; the Dutch brought slaves as house servants.<ref>Slavery was finally abolished in 1799.</ref> The city was captured in war by the British in 1664; they renamed both the city and the colony for the Duke of York (who later became King [[James II]]).  

The first Dutch settlers arrived in Manhattan in 1624, naming the town New Amsterdam.  Indian claims were bought out for the equivalent of $24.  The Dutch sent settlers up the Hudson River (which is easily navigable by sailing vessels) to Albany. The Dutch colony, named New Amsterdam, was run in an autocratic fashion by Governor Peter Stuyvesant.  It soon had a [[cosmopolitan]] flavor, with freedom of religion and numerous ethnic and religious groups; the Dutch brought slaves as house servants.<ref>Slavery was finally abolished in 1799.</ref> The city was captured in war by the British in 1664; they renamed both the city and the colony for the Duke of York (who later became King [[James II]]).  

The use of [[Ellis Island]] as the checkpoint for millions of European immigrants in the late 19th Century caused New York City's population to swell, as many settled in the city.

The use of [[Ellis Island]] as the checkpoint for millions of European immigrants in the late 19th Century caused New York City's population to swell, as many settled in the city. Ever since the Draft Riots of 1863, New York was the bastion of Democratic Resistance in the North. It was a Republican mayor, however, who made the first efforts to coax traditional black Lincoln Republicans into the New Deal coalition. [[Fiorello La Guardia]] was a [[RINO]], or Republican New Dealer. Roosevelt provided federal funds to La Guardia and withheld support from La Guardia's opponents. After the 1935 Harlem riot, La Guardia decreed that African Americans were not to be arrested for anything, and that police patrolling [[Harlem]] could not carry nightsticks.<ref>[https://vault.fbi.gov/.../Eleanor%20Roosevelt%20Part%2016%20of%2040 Eleanor Roosevelt Part 16 of 37 - FBI — The Vault, p. 46]</ref>

 

Ever since the Draft Riots of 1863, New York was the bastion of Democratic Resistance in the North. It was a Republican mayor, however, who made the first efforts to coax traditional black Lincoln Republicans into the New Deal coalition. [[Fiorello La Guardia]] was a [[RINO]], or Republican New Dealer. Roosevelt provided federal funds to La Guardia and withheld support from La Guardia's opponents. After the 1935 Harlem riot, La Guardia decreed that African-Americans were not to be arrested for anything, and that police patrolling [[Harlem]] could not carry nightsticks.<ref>[https://vault.fbi.gov/.../Eleanor%20Roosevelt%20Part%2016%20of%2040 Eleanor Roosevelt Part 16 of 37 - FBI — The Vault, p. 46]</ref>  

===Giuliani era===

===Giuliani era===