Changes

===Gilded Age: 1860–1900===

===Gilded Age: 1860–1900===

[[File:Welcome1880.jpg|thumb|left|560px]]

[[File:Welcome1880.jpg|thumb|left|560px]]

During the Gilded Age, 1865-1900, approximately 10 million European immigrants came to the United States, most in search of religious freedom and greater prosperity. They filled up the rich farmlands of the Middle West, as German and Scandinavian immigrants were especially eager to own land. They avoided the poverty-stricken South. The population surge in major U.S. cities as a result of immigration gave cities an even stronger impact on government, attracting power-hungry politicians and entrepreneurs. Pressuring voters or falsifying ballots was commonplace for politicians, who often sought power only to exploit their constituents. To accommodate the influx of people into the U.S., the federal government built [[Ellis Island]] in 1892 near the [[Statue of Liberty]]. After 1892, a short physical examination was given; those with contagious diseases were not admitted. Few immigrants went to the poverty-stricken South.

During the Gilded Age, 1865–1900, approximately 10 million European immigrants came to the United States, most in search of religious freedom and greater prosperity. They filled up the rich farmlands of the Middle West, as German and Scandinavian immigrants were especially eager to own land. They avoided the poverty-stricken South. The population surge in major U.S. cities as a result of immigration gave cities an even stronger impact on government, attracting power-hungry politicians and entrepreneurs. Pressuring voters or falsifying ballots was commonplace for politicians, who often sought power only to exploit their constituents. To accommodate the influx of people into the U.S., the federal government built [[Ellis Island]] in 1892 near the [[Statue of Liberty]]. After 1892, a short physical examination was given; those with contagious diseases were not admitted. Few immigrants went to the poverty-stricken South.

"During the mass emigration from [[Italy]] during the century between 1876 to 1976, the U.S. was the largest single recipient of Italian immigrants in the world... In 1850, less than 4,000 Italians were reportedly in the U.S. However, in 1880, merely four years after the influx of Italian immigrants, the population skyrocketed to 44,000, and by 1900, 484,027."<ref>[http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Italian.html The Italians]</ref>

"During the mass emigration from [[Italy]] during the century between 1876 to 1976, the U.S. was the largest single recipient of Italian immigrants in the world... In 1850, less than 4,000 Italians were reportedly in the U.S. However, in 1880, merely four years after the influx of Italian immigrants, the population skyrocketed to 44,000, and by 1900, 484,027."<ref>[http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Italian.html The Italians]</ref>

==Recent immigration to North America==

==Recent immigration to North America==

* Borjas, George J., ed. ''Issues in the Economics of Immigration'' (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report) (2000) 9 statistical essays by scholars;

* Borjas, George J., ed. ''Issues in the Economics of Immigration'' (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report) (2000) 9 statistical essays by scholars;

* Borjas, George J. "Welfare Reform and Immigrant Participation in Welfare Programs" ''International Migration Review'' 2002, 36(4): 1093-1123. ISSN 0197-9183; finds very steep decline of immigrant welfare participation in California.

* Borjas, George J. "Welfare Reform and Immigrant Participation in Welfare Programs" ''International Migration Review'' 2002, 36(4): 1093–1123. ISSN 0197-9183; finds very steep decline of immigrant welfare participation in California.

* Briggs, Vernon M., Jr. ''Immigration Policy and the American Labor Force.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984.

* Briggs, Vernon M. Jr. ''Immigration Policy and the American Labor Force.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984.

* Briggs, Vernon M., Jr. ''Mass Immigration and the National Interest'' (1992)

* Briggs, Vernon M. Jr. ''Mass Immigration and the National Interest'' (1992)

* Fawcett, James T., and Benjamin V. Carino. ''Pacific Bridges: The New Immigration from Asia and the Pacific Islands.'' New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1987.

* Fawcett, James T., and Benjamin V. Carino. ''Pacific Bridges: The New Immigration from Asia and the Pacific Islands.'' New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1987.

* Foner, Nancy. ''In a New Land: A Comparative View of Immigration'' (2005)

* Foner, Nancy. ''In a New Land: A Comparative View of Immigration'' (2005)

* Meier, Matt S. and Gutierrez, Margo, eds. ''The Mexican American Experience: An Encyclopedia'' (2003) (ISBN 0-313-31643-0)

* Meier, Matt S. and Gutierrez, Margo, eds. ''The Mexican American Experience: An Encyclopedia'' (2003) (ISBN 0-313-31643-0)

* Portes, Alejandro, and Robert L. Bach. ''Latin Journey: Cuban and Mexican Immigrants in the United States.'' University of California Press, 1985.

* Portes, Alejandro, and Robert L. Bach. ''Latin Journey: Cuban and Mexican Immigrants in the United States.'' University of California Press, 1985.

* Portes, Alejandro, and Jozsef Borocz. "Contemporary Immigration: Theoretical Perspectives on Its Determinants and Modes of Incorporation." ''International Migration Review'' 23 (1989): 606-30.

* Portes, Alejandro, and Jozsef Borocz. "Contemporary Immigration: Theoretical Perspectives on Its Determinants and Modes of Incorporation." ''International Migration Review'' 23 (1989): 606–30.

* Portes, Alejandro, and Ruben Rumbaut. ''Immigrant America''. University of California Press, 1990.

* Portes, Alejandro, and Ruben Rumbaut. ''Immigrant America''. University of California Press, 1990.

* Reimers, David. ''Still the Golden Door: The Third World Comes to America.'' Columbia University Press, 1985.

* Reimers, David. ''Still the Golden Door: The Third World Comes to America.'' Columbia University Press, 1985.