Changes

Ethnic groups: white 79.96%, black 12.85%, Asian 4.43%, Amerindian and Alaska native 0.97%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 0.18%, two or more races 1.61% (July 2007 estimate) note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South American origin living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.); about 15.1% of the total US population is Hispanic <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html CIA - The World Factbook.]</ref>

Ethnic groups: white 79.96%, black 12.85%, Asian 4.43%, Amerindian and Alaska native 0.97%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 0.18%, two or more races 1.61% (July 2007 estimate) note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South American origin living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.); about 15.1% of the total US population is Hispanic <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html CIA - The World Factbook.]</ref>

In 2010, around 400,000 [[illegal immigrants]] were deported. The Pew Hispanic Center, a nonpartisan research organization in Washington, estimates 11.5 million to 12 million "unauthorized migrants" live in the US today.<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0516/p01s02-ussc.html Illegal immigrants in the US: How many are there?]</ref> This total vastly expanded to approximately 20 million [[illegal aliens]] due to the [[open border]] policy of the [[Biden Administration]] from 2021-2024.

In 2010, around 400,000 [[illegal immigrants]] were deported. The Pew Hispanic Center, a nonpartisan research organization in Washington, estimates 11.5 million to 12 million "unauthorized migrants" live in the US today.<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0516/p01s02-ussc.html Illegal immigrants in the US: How many are there?]</ref> This total vastly expanded to approximately 20 million [[illegal aliens]] due to the [[open border]] policy of the [[Biden Administration]] from 2021 to 2024.

Although the diverse group of immigrants that have come to the U.S. speak many languages, [[English]] is the traditional unifying language of the United States and is necessary for full civic and cultural participation.

Although the diverse group of immigrants that have come to the U.S. speak many languages, [[English]] is the traditional unifying language of the United States and is necessary for full civic and cultural participation.

Forty-eight of the fifty United States form a regional grouping known as the contiguous United States, bordering both the North [[Atlantic Ocean]] and the North [[Pacific Ocean]] and lying between [[Canada]] and [[Mexico]]. Two of the fifty states, Alaska and Hawaii, are not contiguous with any of the other states. Alaska is located to the northwest of [[Canada]] and lies across the [[Bering Strait]] from the Russian Federation.  [[Hawaii]] is an [[archipelago]] located in the North Pacific Ocean.  Puerto Rico, which is largely self-governing, is a commonwealth and is considered part of the U.S., as are several smaller territories in the Pacific Ocean, such as Guam. Each of the 50 states has a large degree of sovereignty, but the boundaries are debated and shift slightly every year.  

Forty-eight of the fifty United States form a regional grouping known as the contiguous United States, bordering both the North [[Atlantic Ocean]] and the North [[Pacific Ocean]] and lying between [[Canada]] and [[Mexico]]. Two of the fifty states, Alaska and Hawaii, are not contiguous with any of the other states. Alaska is located to the northwest of [[Canada]] and lies across the [[Bering Strait]] from the Russian Federation.  [[Hawaii]] is an [[archipelago]] located in the North Pacific Ocean.  Puerto Rico, which is largely self-governing, is a commonwealth and is considered part of the U.S., as are several smaller territories in the Pacific Ocean, such as Guam. Each of the 50 states has a large degree of sovereignty, but the boundaries are debated and shift slightly every year.  

At over 3.7 million square miles (over 9.6 million km²), the U.S. (including its non-contiguous and overseas states and territories) is the third largest country by total area (after Russia and Canada). It is the world's third most populous nation, with over 350 million people (after China and India).  

At over 3.7 million square miles (over 9.6 million km²), the U.S. (including its non-contiguous and overseas states and territories) is the third largest country by total area (after Russia and Canada). It is the world's third most populous nation, with over 350 million people (after China and India).  

Mt. McKinley, Alaska, is the highest point in North America and Death Valley, California, is the lowest point on the continent.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html CIA World Factbook], ''North America :: United States'', Updated on February 23, 2011, (Accessed on February 23, 2011).</ref>

Mt. McKinley, Alaska, is the highest point in North America and Death Valley, California, is the lowest point on the continent.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html CIA World Factbook], ''North America :: United States'', Updated on February 23, 2011, (Accessed on February 23, 2011).</ref>

The thirteen original colonies began organizing shadow governments, called "Committees of Correspondence," which prepared the Americans for the day "patriots" (or "Whigs," as they called themselves) could assume all functions of local government. That day came when the British sent troops from Boston to seize gunpowder in an attempt to dismantle a potential revolt, and the American patriots gathered there to defend their liberty. These patriots were known as the American "Minutemen," a well-trained militia, and had planned for this day at Lexington and Concord. When the militia clashed with the elite British troops, they soundly defeated them, prompting a historic backlash from Britain. The American Revolution had begun.  

The thirteen original colonies began organizing shadow governments, called "Committees of Correspondence," which prepared the Americans for the day "patriots" (or "Whigs," as they called themselves) could assume all functions of local government. That day came when the British sent troops from Boston to seize gunpowder in an attempt to dismantle a potential revolt, and the American patriots gathered there to defend their liberty. These patriots were known as the American "Minutemen," a well-trained militia, and had planned for this day at Lexington and Concord. When the militia clashed with the elite British troops, they soundly defeated them, prompting a historic backlash from Britain. The American Revolution had begun.  

The thirteen colonies, organized as the "[[First Continental Congress]]," became a national government as the shadow governments in each colony took control and ousted all royal officials. Congress set up a [[Continental Army]] and gave the command to an American hero and Virginia's leader, [[George Washington]]. George Washington took charge in Boston, and he forced the British to leave in the spring of 1776. All 13 colonies were at this point in control of the American Patriots, and they listened as [[Tom Paine]] explained ''Common Sense'' principles, proudly boasting of America's strength and its power as a new nation. America, in its own right as an individual nation no longer needed nor wanted a foreign [[King]]. Congress called on the colonies to become States and to write new State constitutions. On July 4, 1776, Congress unanimously declared the independence of a new nation, the United States of America.  Up until this time, the colonies were known as the "United Colonies".  On September 9th, 1776, the Continental Congress voted to change the name of the country to the "United States of America".

The thirteen colonies, organized as the "[[First Continental Congress]]," became a national government as the shadow governments in each colony took control and ousted all royal officials. Congress set up a [[Continental Army]] and gave the command to an American hero and Virginia's leader, [[George Washington]]. George Washington took charge in Boston, and he forced the British to leave in the spring of 1776. All 13 colonies were at this point in control of the American Patriots, and they listened as [[Tom Paine]] explained ''Common Sense'' principles, proudly boasting of America's strength and its power as a new nation. America, in its own right as an individual nation no longer needed nor wanted a foreign [[King]]. Congress called on the colonies to become States and to write new State constitutions. On July 4, 1776, Congress unanimously declared the independence of a new nation, the United States of America.  Up until this time, the colonies were known as the "United Colonies".  On September 9, 1776, the Continental Congress voted to change the name of the country to the "United States of America".

====France in the American Revolutionary War====

====France in the American Revolutionary War====

The U.S. seized, then purchased [[Florida]] from Spain in 1819. [[Texas]] joined the United States in 1845 after winning its revolution against Mexico.  

The U.S. seized, then purchased [[Florida]] from Spain in 1819. [[Texas]] joined the United States in 1845 after winning its revolution against Mexico.  

[[File:Map Leading Group by County US.jpg|thumb|Map Leading Group by County, 2000.]]

[[File:Map Leading Group by County US.jpg|thumb|Map Leading Group by County, 2000.]]

After the victory in the [[Mexican-American War]] of 1846-48, the U.S. purchased via the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] territory that became the states of [[California]], [[Nevada]], [[Utah]], [[Colorado]], [[New Mexico]] and [[Arizona]].  In 1846 the U.S. and Britain agreed that the 49th Parallel (degree of latitude) would serve as the boundary between the U. S. and [[British Columbia]] (now part of Canada). The American portion became the states of [[Washington]], [[Oregon]] and [[Idaho]].

After the victory in the [[Mexican-American War]] of 1846–48, the U.S. purchased via the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] territory that became the states of [[California]], [[Nevada]], [[Utah]], [[Colorado]], [[New Mexico]] and [[Arizona]].  In 1846 the U.S. and Britain agreed that the 49th Parallel (degree of latitude) would serve as the boundary between the U. S. and [[British Columbia]] (now part of Canada). The American portion became the states of [[Washington]], [[Oregon]] and [[Idaho]].

===Civil War===

===Civil War===

The [[Lend-Lease Act]] was the system to oppose [[Nazism]] by which the U.S. gave away $50 billion in military aid in 1941-45 (during [[World War II]]) so that the Allies could better fight [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Imperial Japan]].<ref>The U.S. GDP was about $200 billion a year.</ref> There was no repayment required.  $31 billion went to Britain, $11 billion to the [[Soviet Union]], $3 billion to the [[French National Committee]], and $1.6 billion to the [[Republic of China]].  

The [[Lend-Lease Act]] was the system to oppose [[Nazism]] by which the U.S. gave away $50 billion in military aid in 1941-45 (during [[World War II]]) so that the Allies could better fight [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Imperial Japan]].<ref>The U.S. GDP was about $200 billion a year.</ref> There was no repayment required.  $31 billion went to Britain, $11 billion to the [[Soviet Union]], $3 billion to the [[French National Committee]], and $1.6 billion to the [[Republic of China]].  

The official [[Soviet]] position and that of its [[Comintern]] allies prior to [[Operation Barbarossa]] on June 22, 1941 was in direct and vocal opposition to Lend-Lease aid to the [[French]] and [[British Empire]]s.  Once the German Chancellor [[Adolf Hitler]] violated the terms of the [[Molotov-Ribbentrop pact]] with the invasion of the Soviet Union, opposition ceased.

The official [[Soviet]] position and that of its [[Comintern]] allies prior to [[Operation Barbarossa]] on June 22, 1941, was in direct and vocal opposition to Lend-Lease aid to the [[French]] and [[British Empire]]s.  Once the German Chancellor [[Adolf Hitler]] violated the terms of the [[Molotov-Ribbentrop pact]] with the invasion of the Soviet Union, opposition ceased.

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{{main|Religion and U.S. Government}}

{{main|Religion and U.S. Government}}

The Role of Religion in Government, more commonly known as Separation of Church vs State, or just simply Church vs State, is the issue of whether church and state should be separated. Liberals want the Church and State completely separated, but Conservatives want the Church and State to interact. The Supreme Court was in favor of separating church and state (4 liberals + John Roberts, thus a 5-majority), but, because of the confirmation of [[Amy Coney Barrett]], the Court would be against it, as Barrett is not in favor of the separation of church and state<ref>https://twitter.com/BryanDawsonUSA/status/1308088838108086272</ref>, one of the possible reasons is that Barrett is a devout Catholic.

The Role of Religion in Government, more commonly known as Separation of Church vs State, or just simply Church vs State, is the issue of whether church and state should be separated. Liberals want the Church and State completely separated, but Conservatives want the Church and State to interact. The Supreme Court was in favor of separating church and state (4 liberals + John Roberts, thus a 5-majority), but, because of the confirmation of [[Amy Coney Barrett]], the Court would be against it, as Barrett is not in favor of the separation of church and state,<ref>https://twitter.com/BryanDawsonUSA/status/1308088838108086272</ref> one of the possible reasons is that Barrett is a devout Catholic.

==Government==

==Government==

=====Foreign policy=====

=====Foreign policy=====

{{See also|American foreign policy}}

{{See also|American foreign policy}}

Prior to [[NATO expansion]] beginning in the 1990s, [[John Quincy Adams]] laid out the specifics of American [[foreign policy]], saying America does not go "abroad in search of monsters to destroy."<ref>https://www.theamericanconservative.com/repository/she-goes-not-abroad-in-search-of-monsters-to-destroy/</ref> If the US had stayed neutral in the [[Ukraine war]] and refrained from sending [[Ukraine]] any [[weapon]]s, the war would have ended in April 2022 with a full Russian withdrawal under the terms of the [[Istanbul 1.0|Istanbul Agreement]]. This peace deal was initialed by representatives of Russia and Ukraine on March 29, 2022 and was scheduled to be signed on April 9, 2022, in Istanbul by Putin and Zelensky before [[Joe Biden]] and UK Prime Minister [[Boris Johnson]] persuaded Zelensky not to sign it and continue the war indefinitely with disastrous results for Ukraine.

Prior to [[NATO expansion]] beginning in the 1990s, [[John Quincy Adams]] laid out the specifics of American [[foreign policy]], saying America does not go "abroad in search of monsters to destroy."<ref>https://www.theamericanconservative.com/repository/she-goes-not-abroad-in-search-of-monsters-to-destroy/</ref> If the US had stayed neutral in the [[Ukraine war]] and refrained from sending [[Ukraine]] any [[weapon]]s, the war would have ended in April 2022 with a full Russian withdrawal under the terms of the [[Istanbul 1.0|Istanbul Agreement]]. This peace deal was initialed by representatives of Russia and Ukraine on March 29, 2022, and was scheduled to be signed on April 9, 2022, in Istanbul by Putin and Zelensky before [[Joe Biden]] and UK Prime Minister [[Boris Johnson]] persuaded Zelensky not to sign it and continue the war indefinitely with disastrous results for Ukraine.

The charge that [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] cannot be relied upon to honor its commitments has become a recurring theme in [[Russian]] [[diplomacy]] and increasingly resonates beyond [[Moscow]]. Over the past two decades, the United States has withdrawn from a remarkable number of [[international]] agreements, raising questions about American credibility, the future of [[multilateral]] cooperation, and whether the United States can be treated as a reliable partner on the international stage.

The charge that [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] cannot be relied upon to honor its commitments has become a recurring theme in [[Russian]] [[diplomacy]] and increasingly resonates beyond [[Moscow]]. Over the past two decades, the United States has withdrawn from a remarkable number of [[international]] agreements, raising questions about American credibility, the future of [[multilateral]] cooperation, and whether the United States can be treated as a reliable partner on the international stage.

=== Economic History ===

=== Economic History ===

[[File:Lawrence The Migration of the Negro.jpg|thumb|200px|The Migration of the Negro by [[Jacob Lawrence]], 1940-1941.]]

[[File:Lawrence The Migration of the Negro.jpg|thumb|200px|The Migration of the Negro by [[Jacob Lawrence]], 1940–1941.]]

In 1820, the United States had the ninth-largest economy. In only 50 years, the US economy was the world's fourth-largest. In 1900, the United States had the world's largest economy. In 1929, during the [[Great Depression]], the US economy crashed, but no country overtook the U.S., since America was way off five countries fighting for the 2nd place, the Soviet Union, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and China. In 1959, according to [[IMF]] data<ref>https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/SPROLLs/world-economic-outlook-databases</ref>, the US economy hit $500 billion. In just 10 short years, the US economy reached $1 trillion. It doubled again in 8 years, getting to $2 trillion in 1979. Under the [[Reagan administration]], the US got to $4 trillion in just 5 years, in 1984. It took 12 years to get to $8 trillion in 1996, but the major $10 trillion milestone was reached in 2000. The US slowed down dramatically, taking 11 years to just multiply by 1.5, getting to $15 trillion in 2011. The $20 trillion milestone was reached in 2018, but it stayed stuck in 2020, due to the [[CCP virus]]. It is projected to reach $30 trillion by 2030, but will get bumped down by most forecasts, due to the economic explosion from [[China]], which is being cheered on by the [[mainstream media]].<ref>https://tennesseestar.com/2020/03/21/commentary-corrupt-mainstream-media-defends-red-china-attacks-trump/</ref>

In 1820, the United States had the ninth-largest economy. In only 50 years, the US economy was the world's fourth-largest. In 1900, the United States had the world's largest economy. In 1929, during the [[Great Depression]], the US economy crashed, but no country overtook the U.S., since America was way off five countries fighting for the 2nd place, the Soviet Union, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and China. In 1959, according to [[IMF]] data,<ref>https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/SPROLLs/world-economic-outlook-databases</ref> the US economy hit $500 billion. In just 10 short years, the US economy reached $1 trillion. It doubled again in 8 years, getting to $2 trillion in 1979. Under the [[Reagan administration]], the US got to $4 trillion in just 5 years, in 1984. It took 12 years to get to $8 trillion in 1996, but the major $10 trillion milestone was reached in 2000. The US slowed down dramatically, taking 11 years to just multiply by 1.5, getting to $15 trillion in 2011. The $20 trillion milestone was reached in 2018, but it stayed stuck in 2020, due to the [[CCP virus]]. It is projected to reach $30 trillion by 2030, but will get bumped down by most forecasts, due to the economic explosion from [[China]], which is being cheered on by the [[mainstream media]].<ref>https://tennesseestar.com/2020/03/21/commentary-corrupt-mainstream-media-defends-red-china-attacks-trump/</ref>

Decoupling refers to restricting and terminating certain trade relationships with the [[Chinese Communist Party]]. Decoupling, however, is not limited merely to commerce. It will affect student exchange programs as students from China are hand-selected by the Chinese Communist Party and expected to serve the party upon graduation without becoming infected with ideas such as [[democracy]], [[justice]], and [[religion]] while in the United States.  American students studying in China likewise are targeted for compromise, blackmail, and ideological subversion.

Decoupling refers to restricting and terminating certain trade relationships with the [[Chinese Communist Party]]. Decoupling, however, is not limited merely to commerce. It will affect student exchange programs as students from China are hand-selected by the Chinese Communist Party and expected to serve the party upon graduation without becoming infected with ideas such as [[democracy]], [[justice]], and [[religion]] while in the United States.  American students studying in China likewise are targeted for compromise, blackmail, and ideological subversion.

=== Growth of the national debt of the United States ===

=== Growth of the national debt of the United States ===

The United States is consistent in the growth of the [[money supply]] reflected in its GNP over decades and its recovery from [[stimulus]] spending has occurred largely as a result of [[Keynesian economics]], printing money, and piling on the [[national debt]].<ref>[https://www.fff.org/explore-freedom/article/the-follies-and-fallacies-of-keynesian-economics/ The Follies and Fallacies of Keynesian Economics], by Richard M. Ebeling, Future of Freedom Foundation, February 16, 2016.</ref><ref> [https://www.freedomworks.org/keynesian-economics-still-failing-after-all-these/ Keynesian Economics: Still Failing After All These Years, Freedom Works, 04/30/2013.</ref><ref>[Peak Debt – Why The Keynesian Money Printers Are Done], by [[David Stockman]], ''The Millennium Report'', September 28, 2014.</ref>

The United States is consistent in the growth of the [[money supply]] reflected in its GNP over decades and its recovery from [[stimulus]] spending has occurred largely as a result of [[Keynesian economics]], printing money, and piling on the [[national debt]].<ref>[https://www.fff.org/explore-freedom/article/the-follies-and-fallacies-of-keynesian-economics/ The Follies and Fallacies of Keynesian Economics], by Richard M. Ebeling, Future of Freedom Foundation, February 16, 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.freedomworks.org/keynesian-economics-still-failing-after-all-these/ Keynesian Economics: Still Failing After All These Years, Freedom Works, 04/30/2013.]</ref><ref>[Peak Debt – Why The Keynesian Money Printers Are Done], by [[David Stockman]], ''The Millennium Report'', September 28, 2014.</ref>

==Flag Description==

==Flag Description==

== See also==

== See also==

[[File:Weir, Afternoon by the Pond, ca. 1908-1909.jpg|thumb|Julian Alden Weir, Afternoon by the Pond, ca. 1908-1909.]]

[[File:Weir, Afternoon by the Pond, ca. 1908-1909.jpg|thumb|Julian Alden Weir, Afternoon by the Pond, ca. 1908–1909.]]

*[[Pledge of Allegiance]]

*[[Pledge of Allegiance]]