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[[Image:Leibniz.jpg|thumb|right|Gottfried Leibniz]]

[[Image:Leibniz.jpg|thumb|right|Gottfried Leibniz]]

'''Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz''' (1646-1716) was a [[Christian]], or, perhaps more accurately, Neo-[[Gnostic]] [[German]] [[polymath]] famous for his contributions to [[mathematics]] and [[philosophy]]. He was a major intellectual force in the 17th and 18th centuries, and is known as the last ''"universal genius."'' Leibniz is also referred to as [[pantheist]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Ľudovít Štúr: štúdie a eseje |editor=Rudolf Chmel |publisher=Kalligram &LIC|year=2015 |pages=117 |isbn=978-80-8101-914-2 |url=http://kalligram.sk/?cl=kniha&iid=753 |quote=Hegel bol panteista, ale svojrázny, ako každý panteista. Iným panteistom bol napríklad pred Hegelom Leibniz.|language=Slovak}}</ref>  

'''Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz''' (1646–1716) was a [[Christian]], or, perhaps more accurately, Neo-[[Gnostic]] [[German]] [[polymath]] famous for his contributions to [[mathematics]] and [[philosophy]]. He was a major intellectual force in the 17th and 18th centuries, and is known as the last ''"universal genius."'' Leibniz is also referred to as [[pantheist]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Ľudovít Štúr: štúdie a eseje |editor=Rudolf Chmel |publisher=Kalligram &LIC|year=2015 |pages=117 |isbn=978-80-8101-914-2 |url=http://kalligram.sk/?cl=kniha&iid=753 |quote=Hegel bol panteista, ale svojrázny, ako každý panteista. Iným panteistom bol napríklad pred Hegelom Leibniz.|language=Slovak}}</ref>  

Leibniz created the elongated version of "S", for sum, as the symbol for an integral:

Leibniz created the elongated version of "S", for sum, as the symbol for an integral:

|quote=My third illustration of the way in which Christian should and should not make adjustments to culture goes back to the third and fourth centuries A.D. A Christianity spread around Mediterian, it encountered many cultures, many philosophies and many religions in which incarnations, saviors and god-men of various sorts were worshipped. …Be that as it may, the cultures of that day (except for the growing Christian culture) were generally friendly to the idea of incarnations and saviors and salvific rites and ceremonies. Saviors were conceived as emanations of the One, the Supreme, the Monad, the Unknowable. A characteristic feature of Gnosticism was that of the Primal Man, who existed before the world, a prophet who went through the world in various forms and finally revealed himself in Christ and other saviors.}}</ref>   

|quote=My third illustration of the way in which Christian should and should not make adjustments to culture goes back to the third and fourth centuries A.D. A Christianity spread around Mediterian, it encountered many cultures, many philosophies and many religions in which incarnations, saviors and god-men of various sorts were worshipped. …Be that as it may, the cultures of that day (except for the growing Christian culture) were generally friendly to the idea of incarnations and saviors and salvific rites and ceremonies. Saviors were conceived as emanations of the One, the Supreme, the Monad, the Unknowable. A characteristic feature of Gnosticism was that of the Primal Man, who existed before the world, a prophet who went through the world in various forms and finally revealed himself in Christ and other saviors.}}</ref>   

          

          

Between 18–21 November 1676, Leibniz met personally with [[Benedict de Spinoza]] discussing various philosophical topics, including the ontological argument for the existence of God.<ref>http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/leibniz/</ref>

Between 18 and 21 November 1676, Leibniz met personally with [[Benedict de Spinoza]] discussing various philosophical topics, including the ontological argument for the existence of God.<ref>http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/leibniz/</ref>

== The Best of all Possible Worlds Theory ==

== The Best of all Possible Worlds Theory ==

http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/leibniz1714b.pdf

http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/leibniz1714b.pdf

Encyclopedia Britannica's article ''Best of all possible worlds'' states:

Encyclopædia Britannica's article ''Best of all possible worlds'' states:

{{Cquote|Best of all possible worlds, in the philosophy of the early modern philosopher [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz] (1646–1716), the thesis that the existing world is the best world that God could have created.

{{Cquote|Best of all possible worlds, in the philosophy of the early modern philosopher [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz] (1646–1716), the thesis that the existing world is the best world that God could have created.