Changes

| 1. The 1972 [[Twin Towers]] were built to '''previously unprecedented height''' of '''110 stories''', '''417m''', taking the title of world's heighest building from...<br>2. The 1931 [[Empire State Building]] at 381m.<br>3. The [[Twin Towers]] were deliberately built to symbolize global financial power and named [[World Trade Center]].

| 1. The 1972 [[Twin Towers]] were built to '''previously unprecedented height''' of '''110 stories''', '''417m''', taking the title of world's heighest building from...<br>2. The 1931 [[Empire State Building]] at 381m.<br>3. The [[Twin Towers]] were deliberately built to symbolize global financial power and named [[World Trade Center]].

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| ''"These buildings were '''warranted to be fireproof'''"''<ref>In 1904, long before modern legal and engineering distinctions between fireproof, fire-resistant, fire-rated, and fire-protected became common. In nineteenth- and early twentieth-century usage, "warranted" often meant claimed, advertised, represented, or held out to the public as, rather than necessarily implying a formal legal warranty.--~~~</ref>

| ''"These buildings were '''warranted to be fireproof'''"''<ref>In 1904, long before modern legal and engineering distinctions between fireproof, fire-resistant, fire-rated, and fire-protected became common. In nineteenth- and early twentieth-century usage, "warranted" often meant claimed, advertised, represented, or held out to the public as, rather than necessarily implying a formal legal warranty.--~~~~</ref>

| 1. The NYC Port Authority required the [[WTC]] engineers to demonstrate '''multi-factor fireproofing and compartmentalisation''' with a specific requirement of aviation-impact survivability the size of at least a [[Boeing 707]] or [[DC 8]] at 600mph<ref>Sadek, Fahim. ''Baseline Structural Performance and Aircraft Impact Damage Analysis of the World Trade Center Towers (Appendices A-E)'', NIST NCSTAR 1-2, Appendix A, "Salient Points with Regard to the Structural Design of the World Trade Center Towers," [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST).<br>https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-2v2.pdf, retrieved 2026-10-27<br>''"The buildings have been investigated and found to be safe in an assumed collision with a large jet airliner (Boeing 707 - DC 8) travelling at 600 miles per hour. Analysis indicates that such collision would result in only local damage which could not cause collapse or substantial damage to the building and would not endanger the lives and safety of occupants not in the immediate area of impact."<br>''</ref> (5.44GJ kinetic energy strike - but fell to 2.5GJ and 3.44GJ formulated from MIT figures).  Structurally these buildings were documented as being "sixteen times stiffer than a conventional structure"<ref>Sadek, Fahim. ''Baseline Structural Performance and Aircraft Impact Damage Analysis of the World Trade Center Towers (Appendices A-E)'', NIST NCSTAR 1-2, Appendix A, "Salient Points with Regard to the Structural Design of the World Trade Center Towers," [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST).<br>https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-2v2.pdf, retrieved 2026-10-27<br>''"The building as designed is sixteen times stiffer than a conventional structure. The design concept is so sound that the Structural Engineer has been able to be ultra-conservative in his design without adversely affecting the economics of the structure. This is not the case with conventional buildings where a more radical approach must be used if the building is to be constructed at reasonable cost"''</ref> and "2.5 times stronger" than comprable buildings in relation to wind loads.<ref>Sadek, Fahim. ''Baseline Structural Performance and Aircraft Impact Damage Analysis of the World Trade Center Towers (Appendices A-E)'', NIST NCSTAR 1-2, Appendix A, "Salient Points with Regard to the Structural Design of the World Trade Center Towers," [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST).<br>https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-2v2.pdf, retrieved 2026-10-27<br>''"The buildings have been designed for wind loads of 45 lbs. per square foot which is 2.5 times the New York City Building Code requirements of 20 lbs. per square foot, the design load for the Empire State, Pan American and Chrysler Buildings. In addition to static wind loads and complete dynamic analysis has been made to take into account extremely high velocity gusts"''</ref><br>2. Officially documented to be of '''"fireproof construction"'''<ref>Raymond A. Grill, Duane A. Johnson, ''Post-Construction Modifications to Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems of the World Trade Center Towers'', NIST NCSTAR1-1H, Appendix A, [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST).<br>https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-1h.pdf, retrieved 2026-10-27<br>''"The World Trade Center has extensive life safety features which are in accordance with and beyond the requirements of New York City Code. These features include the following:<br>* fireproof construction<br>* fire standpipe system<br>* smoke purge mode for air conditioning systems<br>* fire alarm and voice communication system<br>* sprinklers for restaurants, concession areas, and other public areas..."</ref><br>3. The documents can be summarised by a reader as being so over-engineered that every possible outcome was considered survivable.<br>4. Would have been insured accordingly.

| 1. The NYC Port Authority required the [[WTC]] engineers to demonstrate '''multi-factor fireproofing and compartmentalisation''' with a specific requirement of aviation-impact survivability the size of at least a [[Boeing 707]] or [[DC 8]] at 600mph<ref>Sadek, Fahim. ''Baseline Structural Performance and Aircraft Impact Damage Analysis of the World Trade Center Towers (Appendices A-E)'', NIST NCSTAR 1-2, Appendix A, "Salient Points with Regard to the Structural Design of the World Trade Center Towers," [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST).<br>https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-2v2.pdf, retrieved 2026-10-27<br>''"The buildings have been investigated and found to be safe in an assumed collision with a large jet airliner (Boeing 707 - DC 8) travelling at 600 miles per hour. Analysis indicates that such collision would result in only local damage which could not cause collapse or substantial damage to the building and would not endanger the lives and safety of occupants not in the immediate area of impact."<br>''</ref> (5.44GJ kinetic energy strike - but fell to 2.5GJ and 3.44GJ formulated from MIT figures<ref>[[Eduardo Kausel]], ''Speed of Aircraft'', Professor of Civil & Environmental Engineering, [[MIT]].<br>https://web.mit.edu/civenv/wtc/PDFfiles/Chapter%20III%20Aircraft%20speed.pdf, retrieved 2026-10-27</ref>).  Structurally these buildings were documented as being "sixteen times stiffer than a conventional structure"<ref>Sadek, Fahim. ''Baseline Structural Performance and Aircraft Impact Damage Analysis of the World Trade Center Towers (Appendices A-E)'', NIST NCSTAR 1-2, Appendix A, "Salient Points with Regard to the Structural Design of the World Trade Center Towers," [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST).<br>https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-2v2.pdf, retrieved 2026-10-27<br>''"The building as designed is sixteen times stiffer than a conventional structure. The design concept is so sound that the Structural Engineer has been able to be ultra-conservative in his design without adversely affecting the economics of the structure. This is not the case with conventional buildings where a more radical approach must be used if the building is to be constructed at reasonable cost"''</ref> and "2.5 times stronger" than comprable buildings in relation to wind loads.<ref>Sadek, Fahim. ''Baseline Structural Performance and Aircraft Impact Damage Analysis of the World Trade Center Towers (Appendices A-E)'', NIST NCSTAR 1-2, Appendix A, "Salient Points with Regard to the Structural Design of the World Trade Center Towers," [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST).<br>https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-2v2.pdf, retrieved 2026-10-27<br>''"The buildings have been designed for wind loads of 45 lbs. per square foot which is 2.5 times the New York City Building Code requirements of 20 lbs. per square foot, the design load for the Empire State, Pan American and Chrysler Buildings. In addition to static wind loads and complete dynamic analysis has been made to take into account extremely high velocity gusts"''</ref><br>2. Officially documented to be of '''"fireproof construction"'''<ref>Raymond A. Grill, Duane A. Johnson, ''Post-Construction Modifications to Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems of the World Trade Center Towers'', NIST NCSTAR1-1H, Appendix A, [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST).<br>https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/NCSTAR/ncstar1-1h.pdf, retrieved 2026-10-27<br>''"The World Trade Center has extensive life safety features which are in accordance with and beyond the requirements of New York City Code. These features include the following:<br>* fireproof construction<br>* fire standpipe system<br>* smoke purge mode for air conditioning systems<br>* fire alarm and voice communication system<br>* sprinklers for restaurants, concession areas, and other public areas..."</ref><br>3. The documents can be summarised by a reader as being so over-engineered that every possible outcome was considered survivable.<br>4. Would have been insured accordingly.

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| ''"the money...had been obtained through '''exaction''', through '''grinding down the poor'''."''

| ''"the money...had been obtained through '''exaction''', through '''grinding down the poor'''."''