6,061
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 1:
Line 1: − + − '''Human Rights Watch''' is a [[liberal]] human rights agency which was started in 1978. The [[United States]] based organization was originally named "Helsinki Watch," to monitor the [[Soviet Union]]'s compliance with the human rights provisions of the [[Helsinki Accords]].<ref>http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6258</ref> Now the organization is known for its disproportionate amount of criticism of the [[United States]] and [[Israel]]. − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − − [[category:organizations]]
created article from one sentence stub
''This page is still under construction.''
'''Human Rights Watch''' is a liberal human rights agency which was founded in 1978. The non-governmental organization is known for its disproportionate amount of criticism of the United States and Israel.<ref> “Human Rights Watch shows a disturbing disparity in its treatment of Israel and China.” Gerald M. Steinberg(head of the Program on Conflict Management at Bar Ilan University and is the editor of NGO Monitor.) May 2006 http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=YzdkNDA3NTY4ZmMwMzFmNWYwYTBkMWU4MzFiMTMxNGM </ref> Human Rights Watch is one of the largest human rights organizations in the world. It consists of 190 fulltime employees worldwide and a budget of approximately $22 million per year. <ref> Discover the Networks, http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6258</ref>
== References ==
==History==
===1978-1998===
Human Rights Watch (HRW) was founded under the name, “Helsiki Watch.” Its original goal was monitor the Soviets adherence to human rights provisions in the Helsinki Accords. In 1980, the organization started to develop a number of “Watch” committees in America, Asia, and Africa. <ref> Discover the Networks, http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6258</ref>
These committees monitored human rights compliance of government and groups inside these continents. In the 1980’s the organization heavily scrutinized the [[Region Doctrine]], they also denounced the United States aiding of anti-communist fighters in Latin America.
Jeri Laber, one of the founders of HRW, stated, "Americas Watch reports … were eagerly read in the United States by people who deplored the Reagan policies." <ref> Discover the Networks, http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6258</ref>
Critics claimed that Human Rights Watch painted a bad picture of the freedom fighters in Latin America, while glossing over the abuses of their communist governments. In 1980, Turkey began a major military campaign against a the Kurdish terrorist group, the PKK. HRW documented the violations caused by the Turkish forces in their efforts, highlighting the abuses in the justice system, and use of torture by the government. In 1994 HRW’s “African Watch” covered the genocide in Rwanda.<ref> Human Rights Watch, “Rawanda”,1994, http://www.hrw.org/reports/1995/WR95/AFRICA-08.htm#P397_139563</ref> , Their work documenting the atrocities in the region later won them praise from Karel Kovanda, the Czech ambassador to the United Nations, he stated in 2004, “I already knew the track record of Human Rights Watch in its work in my own country. I had every reason to believe that the organization was equally meticulous and well-informed on Rwanda.”<ref> Karel Kovanda, Czech ambassador to the United Nations, 2004,http://hrw.org/about/what_they_say.html </ref>
===1998-2006===
In 1998, HRW united all of its “Watch” groups under the United States based HRW in 1988. HRW led the effort of non-governmental organizations in pressuring the United States to enter [[Kosovo]]. When [[NATO]] and the United States began their operation, HRW was one of the most critical organizations of its handling. They frequently wrote articles on the abuses carried out by the United States military in their use of [[cluster bombs]]. <ref> HRW, “NATO's Use of Cluster Munitions in Yugoslavia”, 1999, http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/kosovo98/cluster.shtml </ref>
After September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the United States, HRW called for the United States to settle the terrorist attacks as a legal matter, rather then using military force to wipe out the [[Taliban]]. <ref> Discover the Networks, http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6258</ref> HRW endorsed the [[Civil Liberties Restoration Act of 2004]] <ref>Summary: Civil Liberties Restoration Act of 2004by The Rights Working Group, http://www.bordc.org/threats/legislation/clrasummary.php</ref>,a bill that would take away vital tools that the United States enacted after the September 11th attacks. HRW has been critical of both of the United States recent operations in [[Iraq]] and [[Afghanistan]]. A HRW report alleged that there was, “excessive use of force by U.S. troops.” They state that they were, "deeply concerned about the consistent reports we are getting about women, children and unarmed civilians being killed" even though they admitted that they did not have complete reports from the ground in Iraq. <ref> Discover the Networks, http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6258</ref>
===2006-2007===
In 2006, HRW greatly criticized Israel’s defense against the terrorist group [[Hezbollah]]. They created an article entitled, “Israel's Indiscriminate Attacks Against Civilians in Lebanon.” <ref> “Israel's Indiscriminate Attacks Against Civilians in Lebanon.” Human Rights Watch, August 2006, http://hrw.org/reports/2006/lebanon0806/lebanon0806web.pdf</ref>
Critics also stated that HRW also defended the terrorist organization. In a 2006 report they stated that there was no evidence of Hezbollah’s use of civilians as human shields, this was obviously not true. <ref>Alan Dershowitz,[ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alan-dershowitz/the-human-rights-watch-_b_27701.html “The "Human Rights Watch" Watch, Installment 1”] </ref>
HRW started a campaigning in Darfur, Sudan, to end the atrocities committed in the region. The organization is calling on the United States to intervene in the region. Over its years, HRW has been embraced by the left, well being deplored by conservatives and supporters of Israel. HRW wrote a president and asked him to release prisoners that he was holding in “secret prisons”, and called on him to stop the use of [[Guantanamo Bay]] as a U.S. prison for captured terrorist. The organization’s director, Kenneth Roth, claimed that the United States has lost its credibility on human rights. "The trend is bleak, but not irreversible," <ref> Kenneth Roth, Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/11/AR2007011101658.html</ref> Roth stated in a report in 2007. The organizations credibility has been brought into serious question. [[Alan M. Dershowitz]], <ref>Alan Dershowitz bio, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alan-dershowitz/#blogger_bio</ref>
professor of law at Harvard Law School and one of the most distinguished defenders of individual rights, wrote regarding HRW,
{{Cquote|""Who will guard the guardians?" asked Roman satirist Juvenal. Now we must ask, who is watching Human Rights Watch, one of the world's best-financed and most influential human rights organizations? It turns out that they cook the books about facts, cheat on interviews, and put out pre-determined conclusions that are driven more by their ideology than by evidence. These are serious accusations, and they are demonstrably true……... Human Rights Watch no longer deserves the support of real human rights advocates. Nor should its so-called reporting be credited by objective news organizations.” <ref>Alan Dershowitz,[ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alan-dershowitz/the-human-rights-watch-_b_27701.html “The "Human Rights Watch" Watch, Installment 1”] </ref>" }}
==Goals==
Human Rights Watch claims that its main goal is to use the media in preserving and prospering human rights. They state that, “by exposing human rights violations, [the] publicity shames abusers and helps to put pressure on them to reform their conduct.”
The organizations official goals according to their website are:<ref> HRW goals - http://www.hrw.org/about/ </ref>
*Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world.
*To stand with victims and activists to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice.
* Investigate and expose human rights violations and hold abusers accountable.
*Challenge governments and those who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights law.
*Enlist the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all.
==Founders==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Position
! Biography
|-
|Bob Bernstein
|Founder
|CEO of Random House publishers
|-
|Aryeh Neier
|Founder
|Neier worked 15 years at the liberal [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU). He currently serves as President of the Open Society Institute (OSI), a foundation funded by liberal [[George Soros]], who was also OSI’s founder. <ref> “Open Society Institute”, Discover the Networks, http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/funderprofile.asp?fndid=5181&category=79</ref>
The organization claims to be a nonpartisan, nonpolitical entity." Neier was co-founder of [[Students for a Democratic Society]] in 1959.
|-
|-
|Orville Schell
|Founder
|As a former graduate of their school of journalism, Scheell now stands as Dean of the [[University of California]], Berkley. Schell is a liberal and claims to be a, "Discontented [[Democrat]]." <ref> Discover the Networks, http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6258</ref>
|-
|Jeri Laber
|Founder
|Senior Advisor to Human Rights Watch, was formerly executive director of its Helsinki division. She is a prominent journalist and political activist.
|-
|-
|}
==Organizational Structure==
===Method===
HRW states that the organization, “tries to strike a balance in its work between countries with the worst human rights problems and countries where there is a moment of special opportunity for us to propel change.” <ref>Human Rights Watch, “Frequently Asked Questions”
http://www.hrw.org/about/faq/</ref>
When the location for work is agreed upon, the organization sends out a “fact find group” which is sent from their headquarters. These groups use the method of interviewing victims and witnesses in the crisis zone. These finding are published into dozens of books and reports posted on the organizations website. In intense times of crisis, the organization covers the “up-to-the-minute information.”In some situations the organization uses the help of organizations, such as United Nations, the European Union, international financial institutions, and the U.S. government. In cases of particularly egregious abuses, “Human Rights Watch may press for the withdrawal of military and certain economic support.” <ref>Human Rights Watch, “Frequently Asked Questions”
http://www.hrw.org/about/faq/</ref>
===Location===
In 1998, Human Rights Watch united the international organization in United States. They based their main organization headquarters on 350 Fifth Avenue St, New York. ] They anchored offices in major United States cities, including, Chicago, New York, Washington D.C, Los Angeles, San Francisco<ref>Locations of Human Rights Watch, http://www.hrw.org/contact.html </ref>.
They also created offices internationally in Brussels, Geneva, Berlin, Toronto, and London. The organization has been criticized for having a lack of diversity in headquarters. <ref> “Who’s Behind Human Rights Watch,”(2004), http://web.inter.nl.net/users/Paul.Treanor/HRW.html</ref> When on a assignment the "fact finding group" will, in some cases, make temporary headquarters in the conflict zone.
===Leadership===
Human Rights Watch consists of a board of directors and chairmen from five continents, and three boards which cover specific issues<ref> Human Rights Watch Board and Committee’s, http://www.hrw.org/about/info/board.html </ref>. Each board consists of chairmen and co-chairmen, with exception of the board on “Terrorism and Counterterrorism.” The smallest board, “Terrorism and Counterterrorism,” consist of eight members, while the largest board consist of over forty members. Although the organization consists of 190 full time employees’, they also hire part time employee’s, bringing the number of to 255 working for the organization
<ref>Human Rights Watch, “Frequently Asked Questions”
http://www.hrw.org/about/faq/</ref>
. HRW also has a ‘Counsel’, which can be joined by giving donations to the organization (usually $5,000), and the counsel remains primarily symbolic. While this list of counsel members used to be confidential; it is now since open to the public<ref> “Who’s Behind Human Rights Watch,”(2004), http://web.inter.nl.net/users/Paul.Treanor/HRW.html</ref>. The organizations main leadership is held by the executive director. This position has been held, since 1993, by Kenneth Roth, a graduate of Yale Law School, Brown University and former prosecutor<ref> HRW website, Kenneth Roth, http://www.hrw.org/about/bios/kroth.htm </ref>.Bill O'Reilly called Roth, the “stand up man” for the organization. <ref>O’Reilly Factor, 2004, http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,138990,00.html</ref>
===Funding===
The organization total operating cost for Human Rights Watch annual in 2006 was $30,185,486.
<ref>Human Rights Watch, “Frequently Asked Questions”
http://www.hrw.org/about/faq/</ref>
HRW is a non-governmentally organization (NGO), which receives its funding from private donors and foundations. The organization claims that they do not accept money from government institutions. Its annual budget is 22 million, ten million behind Amnesty International, another human rights monitoring group. In January of 2005, the Oakland-based Golden West Financial Corporation gave a grant of 15 million dollars over a five years period to the organization.<ref> Foundation Center, 2005, http://foundationcenter.org/sanfrancisco/gitn/sf_gitn_010105.html</ref> This was the largest contribution to the organization in its twenty-seven year history. HRW financial statements are made public on the organizations website<ref> Financial Statements for Human Rights Watch, 2004- http://www.hrw.org/annual-report/finStmt2004.pdf, 2005- http://www.hrw.org/annual-report/finStmt2005.pdf, 2006- http://www.hrw.org/annual-report/finStmt2006.pdf </ref>.
===Website===
The main tool used by the Human Rights organization is their website (hrw.org). The organization has been critical in achieving its goal of publishing human rights abuses. The organization receives an estimated average of 48 thousand visitors a day in 2006, which led to an average 118,642 daily page views<ref>Human Rights Watch, “Frequently Asked Questions”
http://www.hrw.org/about/faq/</ref>
. The site also gives HRW the ability to report up to the minute happenings, when the situation calls for it. HRW has been criticized for having most of its report and website in English only <ref> “Who’s Behind Human Rights Watch,”(2004), http://web.inter.nl.net/users/Paul.Treanor/HRW.html</ref>.
==Criticism==
===Hypocrisy===
Human Rights Watch has called on the [[United States]] to stop workplace discrimination on nationality and class inside the United States and other countries. Critics claim that the organization does not even follow the standard they set. HRW hires nearly all of its employers from American and English nationalities, and its Committee members include only decisions makers from the upper class, none from the middle-income class. Nearly all of the organizations articles and reports are produced in English, HRW claims that they are not produced in more languages because of the cost of translation. The organization has asked for volunteers to translate reports and documents. The organization has also been criticized as having a double standard in its dealing in the [[Middle East]]. President of the Zionist Organization of America, Morton Klein stated, "For Human Rights Watch to call on Israel and Jews not to live in Judea and Samaria is simply racist. Why is it that Arabs can live in Israel, and Arabs can live in the West Bank, and Jews cannot live in the West Bank?” <ref>NGO Monitor, 2005, http://www.ngo-monitor.org/archives/news/HRWLetter-NYSun.htm</ref>.
===Political Position===
Evan though the organization claims that it is a “non-partisan” human rights group many of the views held by HRW reflect those of the left. They believe that abortion is the “first and foremost a human right<ref> Discover the Networks, http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6258</ref>
." HRW also support gay marriage. The organization is an opponent "in all circumstances" of the death penalty, stating that the death penalty is "a form of punishment that is unique in its barbarity and finality<ref> Discover the Networks, http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6258</ref>
." Critics claim that the human rights organization has a liberal approach of blaming America first.
===Anti-Israel===
The Israeli conflict with the Palestinians and Hezbollah has brought about serious question of HRW objectivity. During the span of four years, from October 2000 to April 2004, HWR has written 103 reports, the vast majority of these reports condemned Israe<ref>“NGOs Make War on Israel” Gerald M. Steinberg
Middle East Quarterly Summer 2004, http://www.meforum.org/article/633</ref>
l. During the same time the organization only wrote thirty highlighting the Palestinian terror attack. According to Gerald M. Steinberg, a research associate at the BESA Center for Strategic Studies, HRW has ignored the terrorist suicide attacks designed to kill innocent civilians, while criticizing Israel for a, “policy of targeted killing of terrorist leaders, such as Hamas leaders Sheikh Ahmed Yassin and ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ar-Rantisi<ref>“NGOs Make War on Israel” Gerald M. Steinberg
Middle East Quarterly Summer 2004, http://www.meforum.org/article/633</ref>
.” He goes on to state in his that, “The political bias of non-governmentally organizations on the Middle East, coupled with their lack of public accountability and transparency, is beginning to chip away at their credibility<ref>“NGOs Make War on Israel” Gerald M. Steinberg
Middle East Quarterly Summer 2004, http://www.meforum.org/article/633</ref>
.” In 2006, HRW released a 50 page report, "Fatal Strikes: Israel's Indiscriminate Attacks Against Civilians in [[Lebanon]]," which covered civilians deaths they claimed were caused by Israel in their conflict with the terrorist group [[Hezbollah]]. Israel stated that the many of the deaths were caused by Hezbollah’s use of civilian areas and human shield. HRW stated that there was no evidence that Hezbollah used human shields, but this notion was widely known as untrue. Well focusing on Israel’s “indiscriminate bombing”, HRW failed to report significantly on Hezbollah’s launching of 2,000 rockets at civilian areas. HRW criticized Israel’s building of a fence in the West Bank, calling it part of an, "illegal" land grab<ref>NGO Monitor, 2005, http://www.ngo-monitor.org/archives/news/HRWLetter-NYSun.htm</ref>. Anthony Weiner, a Democrat Congressman, was shocked at the idiosyncrasy of the charges, he stated, "Given that the security fence has inarguably reduced terrorism and death by would-be Palestinian bombers, it seems any organization truly concerned about human rights should be supporting Israel's right to construct it”<ref>NGO Monitor, 2005, http://www.ngo-monitor.org/archives/news/HRWLetter-NYSun.htm</ref>. Even a liberal newsmagazine, [[The New Republic]], could not resist the slant of HRW coverage<ref> Rosa Brooks on Criticism of Human Rights Watch, Kevin Jon Heller, http://www.opiniojuris.org/posts/1157149379.shtml</ref>
. David Horowitz, professor of law at Harvard Law School, stated that Human Rights Watch was a, "reflexive Israel-basher … who, in his zest to pillory Israel at every turn, is little more than an ally of the barbarians<ref> Rosa Brooks on Criticism of Human Rights Watch, Kevin Jon Heller, http://www.opiniojuris.org/posts/1157149379.shtml</ref>."
==External Links==
*[http://hrw.org/ Human Rights Watch Official Website]
==References==
<references/>
<references/>