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'''Dr. David Livingston''' (1813-1873) was a [[Scottish]] [[missionary]], [[doctor]], and [[explorer]]. He is best known for his work in exploring central [[Africa]], spreading [[Christianity]], and fighting the [[slave trade]]. Some recognize him as the greatest of all African missionaries, explorers, and antislavery advocates. Livingston's work in Africa opened up an estimated one million square miles of previously uncharted land.   

'''Dr. David Livingston''' (1813-1873) was a [[Scottish]] [[missionary]], [[doctor]], and [[explorer]]. He is best known for his work in exploring central [[Africa]], spreading [[Christianity]], and fighting the [[slave trade]]. Some recognize him as the greatest of all African missionaries, explorers, and antislavery advocates. Livingston's work in Africa opened up an estimated one million square miles of previously uncharted land. He also searched for the source of the [[Nile]].   

==History==

==History==

===1845-1862===

===1845-1862===

In 1849, Livingston, and a friend began an expedition to cross the [[Kalahri Desert]], to discover what later began known as [[Lake Ngami]]. The two explorers succeed and later, in 1851, discovered the [[Zambezi River]]. Because of dangers of exploring, Livingston sent his wife, and four kids, back to [[England]]. He set off again to discover more of central Africa. Because of the dangers that Livingston had encountered, he was equipped with 27 men to do his exploring. As he traveled he calculated the latitude and longitude of his the area. He also used his scientific knowledge in measuring the temperatures of waters and elevation. Livingston discovered ‘[[Victoria Falls]]”, which he named after the English queen in 1855. In his travels he became the first European to travel the distance across southern Africa.  He returned to [[Brittan]], and Glasgow, Scotland, here he spent six months talking before the Royal Society, the Royal Geography Society,and the College of Physicians. 1856, he wrote a book documenting his discoveries entitled, ‘''Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa''' the book sold over 70,000 copies and was a best seller<ref> BBC, Historic Figures, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/livingstone_david.shtml</ref>.  Livingstone returned to Africa in 1858, this time along with his missions work he carried out explorations in central Africa(including [[Lakes Mweru]] and [[Bangweulu]]). In addition to his wife’s death of [[malaria]] in 1862, Livingston was having a hard time in his exploration. At one point some European members of his exploration had a fight and nearly mutinied <ref>Wendy Kahler, Essortment, 2002, “David Livingstone”, http://iaia.essortment.com/drlivingstone_rnli.htm</ref>.  

In 1843, Livingstone's left arm was rendered useless due to a lion attack. The next year Livingston and a friend began an expedition to cross the [[Kalahri Desert]] to discover what later began known as [[Lake Ngami]]. The two explorers succeed and later in 1851 discovered the [[Zambezi River]]. Because of dangers of exploring, Livingston sent his wife, and four kids, back to [[England]]. He set off again to discover more of central Africa. Because of the dangers that Livingston had encountered, he was equipped with 27 men to do his exploring. As he traveled he calculated the latitude and longitude of his the area. He also used his scientific knowledge in measuring the temperatures of waters and elevation. Livingston discovered ‘[[Victoria Falls]]”, which he named after the English queen in 1855. In his travels he became the first European to travel the distance across southern Africa.  He returned to [[Brittan]], and Glasgow, Scotland, here he spent six months talking before the Royal Society, the Royal Geography Society,and the College of Physicians. 1856, he wrote a book documenting his discoveries entitled, ‘''Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa''' the book sold over 70,000 copies and was a best seller<ref> BBC, Historic Figures, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/livingstone_david.shtml</ref>.  Livingstone returned to Africa in 1858, this time along with his missions work he carried out explorations in central Africa(including [[Lakes Mweru]] and [[Bangweulu]]). In addition to his wife’s death of [[malaria]] in 1862, Livingston was having a hard time in his exploration. At one point some European members of his exploration had a fight and nearly mutinied <ref>Wendy Kahler, Essortment, 2002, “David Livingstone”, http://iaia.essortment.com/drlivingstone_rnli.htm</ref>.  

===1862-1895===

===1862-1895===

He returned to home, in 1864, and began publishing material on the horrors of the slave trade. After returning to Africa in 1865, Livingston set out on a personal obsession of his, finding the source of the [[Nile River]]. During his time exploring his correspondence with Europe was cut short and word spread that he had died. It was later found out that his crew had deserted him, and lied about his death. An [[American]] Newsman for the [[New York Herald]], [[Henry Stanley]], was later sent out to find Livingston.  Some historians think that the motivation for Stanley’s search was to find Livingstone to pursue fortune. After eight months of searching Stanley finally found Livingstone. The two explored [[Lake Tanganyika]] together, then Stanley returned and filed a report of his exploration. Stanley came to Africa as an atheist but was converted to Christianity. He recalled his experience with Livingstone, “It was not Livingstone’s preaching that converted me, it was Livingstone’s living”. During Livingstone time exploring he had gotten ill, Stanley left him with supplies when he returned to America. Although Livingston was offered to travel back to Europe, he refused. In April of 1873, Livingston wrote, “I am pale  bloodless, and weak from bleeding profusely ever since the 31st of March last, an artery gives off a copious stream, and takes away my strength<ref>Sam Wellman, Heroes of the Faith, “David Livingston”, Barbour Publishing, pg. 200</ref>.” On April 27, 1773 Livingston died while praying. Livingstone heart was buried in Africa under a mvula tree, the rest of his body was buried in [[Westminster Abbey]], on April 18, 1874, after being shipped back to England by the HMS Vulture. In 1913, the [[Royal Geographical Society]] held a meeting to commemorate Livingstone, they stated,  

He returned to home, in 1864, and began publishing material on the horrors of the slave trade. After returning to Africa in 1865, Livingston set out on a personal obsession of his, finding the source of the [[Nile River]]. During his time exploring his correspondence with Europe was cut short and word spread that he had died. It was later found out that his crew had deserted him, and lied about his death. An [[American]] Newsman for the [[New York Herald]], [[Henry Stanley]], was later sent out to find Livingston.  Some historians think that the motivation for Stanley’s search was to find Livingstone to pursue fortune. After eight months of searching Stanley finally found Livingstone. The two explored [[Lake Tanganyika]] together, then Stanley returned and filed a report of his exploration. Stanley came to Africa as an atheist but was converted to Christianity. He recalled his experience with Livingstone, “It was not Livingstone’s preaching that converted me, it was Livingstone’s living”. During Livingstone time exploring he had gotten ill, Stanley left him with supplies when he returned to America. Although Livingston was offered to travel back to Europe, he refused stating, "Death alone will put a stop to my efforts!"<ref>http://www.wholesomewords.org/missions/bliving10.html</ref>. In April of 1873, Livingston wrote, “I am pale  bloodless, and weak from bleeding profusely ever since the 31st of March last, an artery gives off a copious stream, and takes away my strength<ref>Sam Wellman, Heroes of the Faith, “David Livingston”, Barbour Publishing, pg. 200</ref>.” On April 27, 1773 Livingston died while praying. Livingstone heart was buried in Africa under a mvula tree, the rest of his body was buried in [[Westminster Abbey]], on April 18, 1874, after being shipped back to England by the HMS Vulture. In 1913, the [[Royal Geographical Society]] held a meeting to commemorate Livingstone, they stated,  

{{Cquote|"In the course of his wonderful career, Livingston served three masters. As a missionary he was the sincere and zealous servant of God. As an explorer he was the indefatigable servant of science. As the denouncer of the slave trade he was the fiery servant of humanity"<ref> Janet and Geoff Benge, Christian Heroes: Then & Now, “David Livingston,”pg. 214</ref>. }}  

{{Cquote|"In the course of his wonderful career, Livingston served three masters. As a missionary he was the sincere and zealous servant of God. As an explorer he was the indefatigable servant of science. As the denouncer of the slave trade he was the fiery servant of humanity"<ref> Janet and Geoff Benge, Christian Heroes: Then & Now, “David Livingston,”pg. 214</ref>. }}