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Although FDR had difficulty walking and spent most of his time in a wheelchair, filmed images of his speeches hid this fact by focusing on his body from the waist up.
Although FDR had difficulty walking and spent most of his time in a wheelchair, filmed images of his speeches hid this fact by focusing on his body from the waist up.
== Economics ==
== Recovery ==
FDR is also famous for his [[New Deal]], a set of [[economic planning]] reforms that were meant to bring about the end of the [[Great Depression]], but instead may have prolonged it and caused American citizens to be burdened with unnecessary government programs for decades to come.
FDR is also famous for his [[New Deal]], a set of [[economic planning]] reforms that were meant to bring about the end of the [[Great Depression]], but instead may have prolonged it and caused American citizens to be burdened with unnecessary government programs for decades to come.
In 1934, a Congressional Investigation was held to examine statements Dr. William A. Wirt, who headed the U.S. [[Department of Education|Office of Education]] in the early days of the [[New Deal]]. Dr. Wirt attended a meeting of his secretary, [[Alice Barrows]] a year earlier. Barrows had been a member of the [[Communist Party of the United States]] since 1919, the same year she began working for the Office of Education. The "Wirt Incident" was widely reported and provoked much controversy. Barrows and several other government employees revealed to Wirt they were members of the Communist party. Wirt testified,
{{Cquote|I was told they believe that by thwarting our then evident economic recovery, they would be able to prolong the country’s destitution until they had demonstrated to the American people that the Government must operate business and commerce. By propaganda, they would destroy institutions making long term capital loans—and then push Uncle Sam into making these loans. Once Uncle Sam becomes our financier, he must also follow his money with control and management. <ref>Hearings, House Select Committee To Investigate Certain Statements of Dr. William Wirt, 73rd Congress, 2nd Session, April 10 and 17, 1934. </ref><ref>Dr Wirt faces the cameras and tells all'', Literary Digest v. 117 (April 21 1934) p. 7.</ref>}}
A June 1945 [[Venona project]] decryption of Soviet [[KGB]] wartime cables from the Washington D.C. KGB Office to Moscow's Eighth Department, the political intelligence wing, relayed information on matters regarding Attorney General Francis Biddle. KGB agent [[Charles Kramer]], who served on the staff of several U.S. Senate Subcommittees, and Barrows are the sources of the information. Mary Van Kleek who headed the Russell Sage Foundation and also served on the Board of the National Council, visited Washington visited Washington weekly to meet with Barrows and [[Greg Silvermaster|Nathan Gregory Silvermaster]].
During [[World War II]] Barrows was the Executive Secretary of the the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship. The organization Barrows served as Director was found in 1953 to be a [[Glossary_of_espionage_terms#Fronts_and_cutouts|Communist front]] organization by the [[Subversive Activities Control Board]] (SACB). In its Findings of Fact, the SACB said the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship,
{{Cquote|advances positions...markedly pro-Soviet and...anti-United States Government...is a Communist-action organization which has as its primary purpose to advance the objectives of the world Communist movement under the [[hegemony]] of the Soviet Union; it has the policy to support and defend the Soviet Union under any and all circumstances...We conclude that the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, Inc., is substantially directed, dominated, and controlled by the Communist Party of the United States...and is primarily operated for the purpose of giving aid and support to...the Soviet Union, a Communist foreign government." <ref>United States. Subversive Activities Control Board. [http://ets.umdl.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=usfexec;cc=usfexec;q1=Barrows;rgn=full%20text;idno=81242.0001.001;didno=81242.0001.001;view=image;seq=511;page=root;size=s;endseq=3;frm=frameset Reports of the Subversive Activities Control Board.] Washington. United States Government Printing Office. 1966. Vol. 1, p. 501.</ref>}}
==See also==
==See also==