Changes

President Adams was badly beaten in a bitter election, called the “Revolution of 1800”

President Adams was badly beaten in a bitter election, called the “Revolution of 1800”

Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron Burr, won the same number of votes and thus tied for president.  This reflected a mistake in the Constitution in how presidents and vice presidents were chosen, which had to be fixed by the 12th amendment.

Jefferson and his running mate, [[Aaron Burr]], won the same number of votes and thus tied for president.  This reflected a mistake in the Constitution in how presidents and vice presidents were chosen, which had to be fixed by the 12th amendment.

Burr was a bad guy.  As the grandson of Jonathan Edwards, Burr had access and wealth, and a good deal of charm.  But even Washington banished him during the Revolution.  Now Congress then needed to choose between him and Jefferson as to which would be president.

Burr was a bad guy.  As the grandson of Jonathan Edwards, Burr had access and wealth, and a good deal of charm.  But even Washington banished him during the Revolution.  Now Congress then needed to choose between him and Jefferson as to which would be president.

There was continued conflict with England.  Jefferson follows Washington’s example and resigns after two terms, or eight years, in 1809.

There was continued conflict with England.  Jefferson follows Washington’s example and resigns after two terms, or eight years, in 1809.

Supreme Court gradually expands its power under Chief Justice John Marshall, a Federalist appointee (by Adams) who served for 35 years.  Virtually every important decision rendered by his Court, starting with ''Marbury v. Madison'', reflected an expansion in federal power, until President Jackson blew the whistle and indicated he would ignore Marshall’s decision on an Indian issue.

Supreme Court gradually expands its power under Chief Justice [[John Marshall]], a Federalist appointee (by Adams) who served for 35 years.  Virtually every important decision rendered by his Court, starting with ''Marbury v. Madison'', reflected an expansion in federal power, until President Jackson blew the whistle and indicated he would ignore Marshall’s decision on an Indian issue.

Madison and War of 1812.  Madison was beyond his depth as a president.  Madison was a thinker, not a commander-in-chief.  England was still the most powerful country in the world, and not someone to pick a fight with.  England stayed in Canada and some “War Hawks” in Congress (particularly Henry Clay) accused it of inciting Indian attacks against us.  England was also harassing our sailors and impressing them.  We were humiliated by England invading D.C. and burning down the Capitol and the White House.  Madison’s wife Dolly had to save the portrait of George Washington when they fled the White House.

Madison and War of 1812.  Madison was beyond his depth as a president.  Madison was a thinker, not a commander-in-chief.  England was still the most powerful country in the world, and not someone to pick a fight with.  England stayed in Canada and some “War Hawks” in Congress (particularly Henry Clay) accused it of inciting Indian attacks against us.  England was also harassing our sailors and impressing them.  We were humiliated by England invading D.C. and burning down the Capitol and the White House.  Madison’s wife Dolly had to save the portrait of George Washington when they fled the White House.

Hartford Convention: meeting of Federalists in Hartford, Connecticut near the end of the war of 1812, in which they drew up plans to oppose the war and perhaps even secede from the United States, out of friendship to England.  We won the war and the Federalists looked like traitors.  This ended the Federalist Party.

Hartford Convention: meeting of Federalists in Hartford, Connecticut near the end of the war of 1812, in which they drew up plans to oppose the war and perhaps even secede from the United States, out of friendship to England.  We won the war and the Federalists looked like traitors.  This ended the Federalist Party.

The next president after Madison was James Monroe.  He was the most conservative of the early presidents.  He had even opposed the ratification of the Constitution.  He promulgated the “Monroe Doctrine” which said that the European and American systems were fundamentally different, and thus Europe should not colonize America anymore or even interfere in our Hemisphere.  To this day presidents continue to cite the Monroe Doctrine whenever a European country tries to do something over here.

The next president after Madison was [[James Monroe]].  He was the most [[conservative]] of the early presidents.  He had even opposed the ratification of the Constitution.  He promulgated the “Monroe Doctrine” which said that the European and American systems were fundamentally different, and thus Europe should not colonize America anymore or even interfere in our Hemisphere.  To this day presidents continue to cite the Monroe Doctrine whenever a European country tries to do something over here.

The “Era of Good Feelings” overtook our country under Monroe’s conservative leadership.  Roads and canals were built.  The economy prospered.  He vetoed the Cumberland Road Bill and the House rejected most spending bills on internal projects.  The U.S. Senate was split evenly:  11 free states and 11 slave states (Delaware and Kentucky were slave states).  A dispute over slavery in new states was peacefully resolved by the Missouri Compromise: admit one free state (Maine) to balance one new slave state (Missouri), and ban slavery above a certain latitude (36 degrees, 30 minutes) in the new Louisiana Territory.

The “Era of Good Feelings” overtook our country under Monroe’s conservative leadership.  Roads and canals were built.  The economy prospered.  He vetoed the Cumberland Road Bill and the House rejected most spending bills on internal projects.  The U.S. Senate was split evenly:  11 free states and 11 slave states (Delaware and Kentucky were slave states).  A dispute over slavery in new states was peacefully resolved by the Missouri Compromise: admit one free state (Maine) to balance one new slave state (Missouri), and ban slavery above a certain latitude (36 degrees, 30 minutes) in the new Louisiana Territory.