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The '''Institute of Pacific Relations''' (IPR) was established in 1925 to provide a forum for discussion of Asian problems and relations between Asia and the West. To promote greater knowledge of the Far East, the IPR established a large research program, which was supported financially by grants from the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], the [[Carnegie Corporation]], and other major corporations. Professor Carroll Quigley said of the IPR and person associated with it, "Many of these experts which were favored by the Far East "establishment" in the Institute of Pacific Relations were captured by Communist ideology. Under its influence, they propagandized, as experts, erroneous ideas and sought to influence policy in mistaken directions. <ref>''Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time'', Carroll Quigley, Collier-Macmillan, 1966, pg. 936. ISBN 0-945001-10-X</ref>

The '''Institute of Pacific Relations''' (IPR) was established in 1925 to provide a forum for discussion of Asian problems and relations between Asia and the West. To promote greater knowledge of the Far East, the IPR established a large research program, which was supported financially by grants from the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], the [[Carnegie Corporation]], and other major corporations. Professor Carroll Quigley said of the IPR and person associated with it, "Many of these experts which were favored by the Far East "establishment" in the Institute of Pacific Relations were captured by Communist ideology. Under its influence, they propagandized, as experts, erroneous ideas and sought to influence policy in mistaken directions." <ref>[http://sandiego.indymedia.org/media/2006/10/119975.pdf ''Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time''], Carroll Quigley, Collier-Macmillan, 1966, pg. 936. ISBN 0-945001-10-X</ref> "[T]he whole subject is of major importance in understanding the twentieth century." <ref>''Tragedy and Hope''' Quigley, pg. 935.</ref>

 

 

 

 

The IPR was a private association of ten independent national councils in ten countries concerned with affairs in the Pacific. <ref>''Tragedy and Hope''' Quigley, pg. 946.</ref>

==OWI disinformation==

==OWI disinformation==

==SISS investigation==

==SISS investigation==

The 1952 [[Senate Internal Security Subcommittee]] (SISS) reviewed some 20,000 documents from the files of IPR, including letters, memoranda, minutes and reports  The finding was beyond all doubt, that the IPR was a vehicle for pro-Communist leverage on American policy in China, a strikingly different conclusion than that reached by the [[Tydings Committee]].

The 1952 [[Senate Internal Security Subcommittee]] (SISS) reviewed some 20,000 documents from the files of IPR, including letters, memoranda, minutes and reports. <ref>[http://www.archives.gov/legislative/guide/senate/chapter-13-judiciary-1947-1968.html#SISS National Archives and Records Administration, Senate Internal Security Subcommittee]</ref> The finding was beyond all doubt, that the IPR was a vehicle for pro-Communist leverage on American policy in China, a strikingly different conclusion than that reached by the [[Tydings Committee]].

The SISS discovered IPR was run by a circle of insiders, Edward Carter, Owen Lattimore, Frederick Field, and a few others. They were in constant communication, discussing lines of policy, materials to appear in newspapers, magazines and books, or the agenda for some impending conference. Connected to this inner cadre was a far-flung network of writers, researchers, speakers and policy experts, including a substantial number who moved back and forth among the IPR, the press corps, the academy, and the government.  Also revealed in the investigation was an extremely large number of Communists.  

The SISS discovered IPR was run by a circle of insiders, Edward Carter, Owen Lattimore, Frederick Field, and a few others. They were in constant communication, discussing lines of policy, materials to appear in newspapers, magazines and books, or the agenda for some impending conference. Connected to this inner cadre was a far-flung network of writers, researchers, speakers and policy experts, including a substantial number who moved back and forth among the IPR, the press corps, the academy, and the government.  Also revealed in the investigation was an extremely large number of Communists. <ref>[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?print=yes&id=455 McCarthyism: Waging the Cold War in America], by M. Stanton Evans, ''Human Events'', 05/30/1997. Updated 05/08/2003.</ref>

A list of invited attendees to an IPR conference of 1942, as recommended by Philip Jessup, revealed 30-plus individuals who had been identified under oath as members of the Communist secret apparatus. Committee counsel Robert Morris summarized the situation as follows:

A list of invited attendees to an IPR conference of 1942, as recommended by Philip Jessup, revealed 30-plus individuals who had been identified under oath as members of the Communist secret apparatus. Committee counsel Robert Morris summarized the situation as follows:

:''"Indeed, the difficulty with the IPR from the Communist point of view was that it was too stuffed with Communists, too compromised by its Communist connections. [[Elizabeth Bentley]] testified that her superior in the [[CPUSA#Secret_apparatus|Soviet espionage apparatus]], [[Jacob Golos]], warned her away from the IPR because ‘it was as red as a rose, and you shouldn’t touch it with a 10-foot pole.’ "

:''"Indeed, the difficulty with the IPR from the Communist point of view was that it was too stuffed with Communists, too compromised by its Communist connections. [[Elizabeth Bentley]] testified that her superior in the [[CPUSA#Secret_apparatus|Soviet espionage apparatus]], [[Jacob Golos]], warned her away from the IPR because ‘it was as red as a rose, and you shouldn’t touch it with a 10-foot pole.’ "

:''"The IPR has been considered by the American Communist Party and by Soviet officials as an instrument of Communist policy, propaganda and [[military intelligence]]. The IPR disseminated and sought to popularize false information including information originating from Soviet and Communist sources. . . . Members of the small core of officials and staff members who controlled IPR were either Communist or pro-Communist. . . . Over a period of years, John Carter Vincent was the principal fulcrum of IPR pressure and influence in the State Department. . . . The IPR was a vehicle used by the Communists to orientate American far eastern policies toward Communist objectives. . ."

:''"The IPR has been considered by the American Communist Party and by Soviet officials as an instrument of Communist policy, propaganda and [[military intelligence]]. The IPR disseminated and sought to popularize false information including information originating from Soviet and Communist sources. . . . Members of the small core of officials and staff members who controlled IPR were either Communist or pro-Communist. . . . Over a period of years, John Carter Vincent was the principal fulcrum of IPR pressure and influence in the State Department. . . . The IPR was a vehicle used by the Communists to orientate American far eastern policies toward Communist objectives. . ." <ref>Hearings before the Senate subcommittee investigating the Institute of Pacific Relations.</ref>

It should be noted Ozaki Hozumi was a member of [[Richard Sorge]]'s Soviet espionage ring in Tokyo during [[World War II]]. Maj. Gen. Charles A. Willoughby who was Gen. [[Douglas MacArthur]]'s chief of Intelligence in the Pacific, wrote in ''Shanghai Conspiracy'' that Guenther Stein was also a member of this ring, as was the well-known Communist writer [[Agnes Smedley]], also involved in the ''Amerasia Affair''.

It should be noted Ozaki Hozumi was a member of [[Richard Sorge]]'s Soviet espionage ring in Tokyo during [[World War II]]. Maj. Gen. Charles A. Willoughby who was Gen. [[Douglas MacArthur]]'s chief of Intelligence in the Pacific, wrote in ''Shanghai Conspiracy'' that Guenther Stein was also a member of this ring, as was the well-known Communist writer [[Agnes Smedley]], also involved in the ''Amerasia Affair''.

==References==

==References==

<references/>

<references/>

==External links==

==External links==

 

*FBI Silvermaster file, [http://education-research.org/PDFs/Silvermaster106.pdf Vol. 106, pgs. 10 - 56] pdf, April 8, 1947. 55-page report on Maynard Gertler [http://qnc.queensu.ca/gazette/3da3166a3d136.pdf] a former State Department and [[Office of Strategic Services]] employee said by the [[FBI]] to have "in his possession approximately 1,000 documents, some of which are stamped restricted, confidential and top secret." According to FBI surveillance and background checks, Gertler was a contact of Philip Dunaway, [[Maurice Halperin]], David Wahl, Bowen Smith, and others of their circle. His academic connections included Robert Brady, [[Franz Neumann]], Robert Lynd, and [[Owen Lattimore]].

*FBI Silvermaster file, [http://education-research.org/PDFs/Silvermaster106.pdf Vol. 106, pgs. 10 - 56] pdf, April 8, 1947. 55-page report on Maynard Gertler [http://qnc.queensu.ca/gazette/3da3166a3d136.pdf] a former State Department and [[Office of Strategic Services]] employee said by the [[FBI]] to have "in his possession approximately 1,000 documents, some of which are stamped restricted, confidential and top secret." According to FBI surveillance and background checks, Gertler was a contact of Philip Dunaway, [[Maurice Halperin]], David Wahl, Bowen Smith, and others of their circle. His academic connections included Robert Brady, [[Franz Neumann]], Robert Lynd, and [[Owen Lattimore]].

[[Category:Espionage]]

[[Category:Espionage]]