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'''Proteins''' are complex organic compounds whose basic structure is a primary chain of amino acids folded into a certain shape. This tertiary fold dictates the function of the protein within the organism. They can take on many forms and perform distinct functions including (but certainly not limited to) structural, enzymatic, information storage and transportation roles. In terms of structure, proteins are important in the construction and integrity of different body tissues including connective and muscular, as well as endocrine/exocrine glands. <ref> http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/protein.html </ref>

'''Proteins''' are complex organic compounds whose basic structure is a primary chain of amino acids covalently bonded via [[peptide bonds]] and folded into a certain shape. This tertiary fold dictates the function of the protein within the organism. They can take on many forms and perform distinct functions including (but certainly not limited to) structural, enzymatic, information storage and transportation roles. In terms of structure, proteins are important in the construction and integrity of different body tissues including connective and muscular, as well as endocrine/exocrine glands. <ref> http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/protein.html </ref> Invariably, proteins also exhibit directionality as all synthesized polypetides possess free N-terminal(Amine; NH2) and C-terminal (Carboxylic Acid; COOH) ends.

The proteins are made in subcellular compartments. Structures called ribosomes transcribe information coded in [[gene]]s with the help of [[spliceosome]]s to form a complex 3-D web structure of the protein. This nascent protein is then further edited by addition of [[phelypropanoid]]s, [[coenzyme]]s or organic zwitterions. The protein is then transported through the cell membrane to its final destination.

Proteins are synthesized by subcellular structures composed of catalytic rRNA and proteins called [[ribosomes]]. Ribosomes translate information coded in mRNA (transcribed from genomic DNA) after editing and manipulation by nuclear [[spliceosomes]]. This nascent protein is then further edited post-translationally by certain enzymes. Examples of such modifications include, isoprenylation, [[palmitoylation]], [[myristoylation]], [[methylation]], [[acetylation]], N-terminal [[proteolysis]], [[disulphide bond]] linkage, and [[phelypropanoid]]s. The protein maybe be transported to other sub-cellular organelles/locations such as the plasma membrane, golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum where they perform their programmed function.

 

Adult humans need a minimum of 1 gram of protein for every kilogram of body weight per day to keep from slowly breaking down their own tissues. Failure to receive enough protein can cause stunted growth, loss of muscle mass, decreased immunity, weakening of the heart and respiratory system, and eventually death. <ref> http://www.usda.gov/ </ref>

Adult humans need a minimum of 1 gram of protein for every kilogram of body weight per day to keep from slowly breaking down their own tissues. Failure to receive enough protein can cause stunted growth, loss of muscle mass, decreased immunity, weakening of the heart and respiratory system, and eventually death. <ref> http://www.usda.gov/ </ref>