Changes

===Biochemistry===

===Biochemistry===

Proteins are synthesized by cytoplasmic structures composed of catalytic rRNA and proteins called [[ribosomes]]. Ribosomes translate information coded in mRNA (transcribed from genomic DNA) after editing and manipulation by nuclear [[spliceosomes]]. This nascent protein is then further edited post-translationally by certain enzymes. Examples of such modifications include, isoprenylation, [[palmitoylation]], [[myristoylation]], [[methylation]], [[acetylation]], N-terminal [[proteolysis]], [[disulphide bond]] linkage, and [[phelypropanoid]]s. The protein may then be transported to other sub-cellular organelles/locations such as the plasma membrane, golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum where they perform their pre-programmed function. Invariably, proteins also exhibit directionality as all synthesized polypetides possess free N-terminal(Amine; NH2) and C-terminal (Carboxylic Acid; COOH) ends.  

Proteins are synthesized by cytoplasmic structures composed of catalytic rRNA and proteins called [[ribosomes]]. Ribosomes translate information coded in mRNA (transcribed from genomic DNA, specific regions known as [[genes]]) after editing and manipulation by nuclear [[spliceosomes]]. The nascent protein is elongated in the ribosome through addition of different amino acids specified by codons (sets of three nucleotides) in the mRNA molecule. The formation of the protein chain requires the codon, a molecule of transfer RNA (tRNA) charged with a particular amino, the tRNA's anti-codon and a molecule of water in a reaction termed condensation.

 

After the protein has been generated, it is assisted by other proteins termed chaperones that aid in the formation of the proper conformation. A protein is always synthesized in one direction so, invariably, proteins also exhibit polarity with all [[polypetides]] possessing free N-terminal(Amine; NH2) and C-terminal (Carboxylic Acid; COOH) ends. The protein may then be further edited post-translationally by certain enzymes. Examples of such modifications include, [[isoprenylation]], [[palmitoylation]], [[myristoylation]], [[methylation]], [[acetylation]], N-terminal [[proteolysis]], and [[disulfide bond]] linkage. These modifications often have some bearing on the function and localization of the protein. After these processes occur, the protein can be transported to other sub-cellular organelles/locations such as the plasma membrane, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and vesicles where they perform their pre-programmed function. Vesicular proteins are usually shuttled to the plasma membrane, or reserved cytoplasmically for secretion at a later time.

===Nutrition===

===Nutrition===