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[[Image:Alexis Carrel.jpg|right|180px]]

[[Image:Alexis Carrel.jpg|right|180px]]

'''Alexis Marie Joseph Auguste Carrel-Billiard''' (Lyons, France 1873 - Paris 1944) French surgeon, biologist and eugenicist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912.  

'''Alexis Marie Joseph Auguste Carrel-Billiard''' (Lyons, [[France]] 1873 - Paris 1944) French surgeon, biologist and eugenicist. He was awarded the [[Nobel Prize]] in Physiology or Medicine in 1912.  

   

   

''Alexis was educated at home by his mother Anne Ricard, and also at St. Joseph School, Lyons. In 1889 he took the degree of Bachelor of Letters at the University of Lyons; in 1890 the degree of Bachelor of Science and in 1900 his Doctor's degree at the same University.''  

''Alexis was educated at home by his mother Anne Ricard, and also at St. Joseph School, Lyons. In 1889 he took the degree of Bachelor of Letters at the University of Lyons; in 1890 the degree of Bachelor of Science and in 1900 his Doctor's degree at the same University.''  

''In 1935, in collaboration with Charles Lindbergh, the airman who was the first to flow across the Atlantic, he devised a machine for supplying a sterile respiratory system to organs removed from the body.''  

''In 1935, in collaboration with [[Charles Lindbergh]], the airman who was the first to flow across the Atlantic, he devised a machine for supplying a sterile respiratory system to organs removed from the body.''  

''He discussed this aspect of his work and its implications in his book The Culture of Organs. Carrel also published the well-known book entitled Man, the Unknown.'' <ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1912/carrel-bio.html Alexis Carrel]</ref>  

''He discussed this aspect of his work and its implications in his book The Culture of Organs. Carrel also published the well-known book entitled Man, the Unknown.'' <ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1912/carrel-bio.html Alexis Carrel]</ref>